Background: To evaluate the effect of antierosive agents (10% Nano-Hydroxyapatite (NHA), 10% Casein Phophopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP), and combination of 10% NHA and 10% CPP-ACP) on loss of minerals from enamel surface of permanent teeth treated with antierosive agents when exposed to an acidic beverage and investigate the morphological changes of treated enamel surface after demineralization with cola based beverage under Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Materials and Methods: Sixty maxillary first premolars were randomly divided into four groups, 15 teeth for each group. Group I treated with 10% NHA, Group II treated with 10% CPP-ACP, Group III treated with 10% NHA and 10% CPP-ACP, and Group IV did not treat with any remineralizing agents. The teeth were immersed in the remineralizing solutions (10% NHA, 10% CPP-ACP, and combination of 10% NHA and 10% CPP-ACP) for 4 minutes twice daily for 28 days and then stored in the artificial saliva. The samples were immersed for 40 minutes in 20 ml Pepsi cola (PH=2.5). Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used to record the calcium and phosphorus concentrationsin Pepsi cola before and after demineralization with cola based beverage. SEM also usedto examine the morphological changes occurs in enamel surface of each group after demineralization with cola based beverage. Results: Statistically, there is a highly significant increase in calcium concentration in Pepsi cola (mg/dl) after demineralization with cola based beverage. Group I showed the lowest changes in calcium concentration values among the three studied groups. Group II was the next, which also showed lower changes in calcium concentration values, then group III while the highest changes were recorded in group IV. There is a highly significant reduction in phosphorus concentration in Pepsi cola (mg/dl) after demineralization with cola based beverage. Group I showed the lowest changes in phosphorus concentration values among the three studied groups. Group II was the next, which also showed lower changes in phosphorus concentration values, then group III while the highest changes were recorded in group IV. Statistically, a highly significant difference was showed in calcium and phosphorus concentrations between the four studied groups after demineralization with cola based beverage. Group IV has a highly significant difference in comparison to group I, group II, and group III. Conclusions: Both the remineralizing agents (NHA and CPP-ACP) were found to be effective in inhibiting the demineralization caused by cola based beverage.The combination of NHA and CPP-ACP had no synergistic effect on remineralization.
Infographics have the capability to organize and display information in a way that is easy for viewers to retrieve and make observations. While infographics have been successful in various fields, their potential benefits in composition writing have not been explored. The primary objective of this study is to investigate the perspectives of Iraqi EFL students who used infographics as an educational technology tool in composition writing, and to identify how gender influences students’ performance when using infographics in EFL writing classes. The significance of this study lies in its integration of infographics as an educational technology tool for teaching writing, aligning with the current trend of technology integration in ed
... Show MoreVarious Hall Effects have been successfully observed in samples of n-type indium antimonide with values for conductivity, energy gap, Hall mobility and Hall coefficient all agreeing with theory. A particular interest in developing a method for obtaining accurate values of carrier concentrations in semiconductor samples has been fulfilled with an experimental result of (1.6×1016 cm-3 ±10.7%) giving a percentage difference of (6.7%) to a quoted value of (1.5×1016cm-3) at (77K) using an (80mW C.W. CO2) laser beam at (10.6μm) to illuminate a similar sample of n-type indium antimonide, an "Optical" Hall effect has been observed. Although some doubt has been raised as to the validity of effect i.e. "thermal" rather than "Optical", values o
... Show MoreThis study investigates the influence of fear, refuge, and migration in a predator–prey model, where the interactions between the species follow an asymmetric function response. In contrast to some other findings, we propose that prey develop an anti-predator response in response to a concentration of predators, which in turn increases the fear factor of the predators. The conditions under which all ecologically meaningful equilibrium points exist are discussed in detail. The local and global dynamics of the model are determined at all equilibrium points. The model admits several interesting results by changing the rate of fear of predators and predator aggregate sensitivity. Numerical simulations have been performed to verify our theoret
... Show MoreThe press release plays an important role in understanding and recognizing the policy of governments by the public in managing the state, especially in times of crises, as it helps to clarify the position of the government and its decisions.In addition, it is considered as one of the most important tools of communication between the government and its public at the present time.
In light of the technical developments and adopting modern mechanisms in transferring of what is issued by the government, the press release has been edited and published electronically; and helps in the success of this transfer speed and knowledge of the reactions of the masses towards the implications,In a crisis like the Basrah crisis in particular, the Ira
Quality function deployment tool is trying to improve health services through this study that will be applied in health sector environment , and be based on applying quality function deployment tool (QFD) TO preferable evaluation of main patients requirements in order to determine the technical requirements that need most attention across improving and developing health services .
Main requirements are determined to patients lying in the hospital (under research) which is (educational Baghdad \ medicine city office) in Baghdad, and other technical requirements through pers
... Show MoreThis research aims at clarifying the concept of social auditing, which is one of the most important reasons for its emergence is social responsibility accounting and its role in measuring the social performance of enterprises. The study also aimed to know how social auditing has an impact and its role in improving the social performance of business organizations, and the research refers to testing the hypotheses of an impact of social auditing on social performance through a commitment to social responsibility. The research sample consisted of 200 individuals from 20 Algerian business organizations and represented individuals who were researched in managers and em
... Show MoreIntroduction: Melanin is a high-molecular weight pigment produced through the oxidative polymerization of phenolic or indolic compounds and plays a perfect role in UV-light shielding, as well as in photoprotection. Among biopolymers, melanin is unique in many aspects. This study is designed to screen Production, extraction and characterizes of an extracellular melanin pigment from clinically isolated P. aeruginosa. Objective: The aim of the current study is isolation and diagnosis of P.aeruginosa using vitek-2 compact system and screening the ability to produce melanin and characterization of extracted melanin by UV-vis, FTIR, XRD and SEM. Materials and methods: the samples swab inoculated on cetrimide agar as selective media and incubated
... Show MorePre-eclampsia is the most common medical complication of pregnancy associated with increased maternal and infant mortality and morbidity. Its exact etiology is not known, although several evidences indicate that various elements might play an important role in pre-eclampsia. This study was carried out to analyze and to compare the concentration of calcium, in mild pre-eclampsia and in normal pregnant women , and to determine the effect of oral supplementation with calcium on mild pre-eclampsia , and whether this effect is related to the change in the level of serum calcium. Forty- five women in the third trimester of pregnancy were selected to participate in this study and divided into: fifteen apparently healthy, normo
... Show MoreShowing animal shapes is one of the primary topics since the discovery of cave drawings, with semantic discourses, as they appeared in the ancient civilization of Iraq, with their discourse and intellectual structure, and their reflections on their plastic achievements. The research deals with three topics: the first (an introduction to the concept of discourse), the second: (the historical roots of animal forms), and the third (the manifestation of animal forms and their discourse, in Mesopotamia). Mesopotamian fauna and its concepts? What are the?, Its importance was also represented in: the presence of animals and their semantic and conceptual discourse, especially the sculptures (the lion and the bull), with the aim of revealing the
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