Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitusand chronic periodontitis hold a close relationship that has been the focus of many researches. Currently there is an appreciation to the role of adipose tissue-derived substances "the adipokines" in immune-inflammatory responses; also, there is an interest in using the simple non-invasive saliva in diagnosing and linking oral and general health problems. The current study aims to determine the periodontal health status in the chronic periodontitis patients with and without poorly or well controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus, measure the salivary levels of two adipokines "leptin and resistin", pH and flow rate and then correlate between these clinical periodontal, biochemical and physical parameters in each study and control groups. Materials and Methods: Seventy five males were recruited for the study, with an age range of (35-50) years. The subjects were divided into four groups: two non-diabetic groups: one of them with healthy periodontium and systemically healthy (Control, 15 subjects) and the other with chronic periodontitis (20 patients) and two type 2 diabetic groups: well controlled (20 patients) and poorly controlled (20 patients) both of them with chronic periodontitis.Unstimulated whole salivary samples were collected from all of the participants; salivary flow rate and pH were measured and then biochemically analyzed for assessment of resistin and leptin levels.Clinical periodontal parameters included: the plaque index, the gingival index, the bleeding on probing, the probing pocket depth and the clinical attachment level had been recorded for all subjects at four sites per tooth except for the third molars. Results: The results of clinical periodontal examination revealed that the group of chronic periodontitis with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus had the worst periodontal health status. The biochemical analysis demonstrated that the lowest level of salivary leptin was foundin the chronic periodontitis with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus group. In addition, the highest level of salivary resistin was demonstrated in chronic periodontitis with well controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus group. When the salivary flow rate and pH were measured, it was found that they were decreased in the study groups as compared to the control group. A non-significant moderate negative correlation between salivary leptin with pH in the control group was found. While, salivary resistin demonstrated a high significant moderate positive correlation with the gingival index in the non-diabeticchronic periodontitis group and a non-significant moderate negative correlation with salivary flow ratein the control group. Finally, the study found that the correlation between salivary leptin and resistin was non-significant weak negative in each of the study and control groups. Conclusion: It can be concluded that poorly controlled type 2 diabetic patients have more periodontal tissue destruction and less salivary flow rate than well controlled type 2 diabetic patients and non-diabetic patients all of them with chronic periodontitis. Salivary Resistin and Leptin hormones may be useful biochemical markers of periodontal tissue destruction and this will provide better opportunities in early diagnosis, monitoring and efficient management of periodontal diseases and T2DM.
In this work, the nano particles of Na-A zeolite were synthesized by sol –gel method. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray luorescence (XRF), Surface area and pore volume, Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Results show that the nano A zeolite is with average crystal size is 74.77 nm., Si/Al ratio 1.03, BET surface area was 581.211m2/g and the pore volume for NaA was found equal to 0.355cm3/g.
n Segmented Optical Telescope (NGST) with hexagonal segment of spherical primary mirror can provide a 3 arc minutes field of view. Extremely Large Telescopes (ELT) in the 100m dimension would have such unprecedented scientific effectiveness that their construction would constitute a milestone comparable to that of the invention of the telescope itself and provide a truly revolutionary insight into the universe. The scientific case and the conceptual feasibility of giant filled aperture telescopes was our interested. Investigating the requirements of these imply for possible technical options in the case of a 100m telescope. For this telescope the considerable interest is the correction of the optical aberrations for the coming wavefront, th
... Show MoreMalaysia has been supported by one of the high-speed fiber internet connections called TM UniFi. TM UniFi is very familiar to be used as a medium to apply Small Office Home Office (SOHO) concept due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the communication vendors offer varieties of network services to fulfill customers' needs and satisfaction during the pandemic. Quality of Services is queried by most users by the fact of increased on users from time to time. Therefore, it is crucial to know the network performance contrary to the number of devices connected to the TM UniFi network. The main objective of this research is to analyze TM UniFi performance with the impact of multiple device connections or users' services. The study was conducted
... Show MoreThe aim of this paper is to present a method for solving high order ordinary differential equations with two point's boundary condition, we propose semi-analytic technique using two-point oscillatory interpolation to construct polynomial solution. The original problem is concerned using two-point oscillatory interpolation with the fit equal numbers of derivatives at the end points of an interval [0 , 1] . Also, many examples are presented to demonstrate the applicability, accuracy and efficiency of the method by comparing with conventional methods.
The root lesion nematode, Pratylenchus neglectus, is one of the most damaging nematodes to affect wheat worldwide. The nematode is widely distributed in Montana, primarily affecting winter wheat within the state. Managing the nematode primarily involves rotation to resistant and moderately resistant crops (peas, lentils, and barley). A nematode survey was conducted across the state nearly 10 years after an initial survey, to reassess the nematode threat and assess the impact of changing trends in crop rotations. To assess the broad applicability of rotation crops to control P. neglectus across Montana, greenhouse trials were conducted to challenge rotational crops using eight populations of P. neglectus collected from geographicall
... Show MoreOriental wasps are scavengers, and they have also represented an enormous issue for beekeepers, they destroy beehives and reduce the flight of bees. In addition, the sting of hornets may cause medical problems, which differ according to the response of the individuals, including severe sensitivity, swelling, and slight pain. This study provides the first molecular phylogeny of the oriental wasp
The concrete industry consumes millions of tons of aggregate comprising of natural sands and gravels, each year. In recent years there has been an increasing trend towards using recycled aggregate to save natural resources and to produce lightweight concrete. This study investigates the possibility of using waste plastic as one of the components of lead-acid batteries to replace the fine aggregate by 50 and 70% by volume of concrete masonry units. Compared to the reference concrete mix, results demonstrated that a reduction of approximately 32.5% to 39.6% in the density for replacement of 50% to 70% respectively. At 28 days curing age, the compressive strength was decreased while the water absorption increased by increas
... Show MoreThe role of residues in the adsorption process for removing contaminants from their aqueous solution was highlighted in this study. The adsorption capacity of eggshells were used to remove the methyl orange dye from its aqueous solution. The highest dye adsorption was found to range between (62.30% to 62.33%). The results of using adsorption isotherms (Freundlich, Langmuir, and Temkin) have been revealed that the Freundlich model was followed and that the Langmuir model did not match, as well as the partial applicability of Temkin's model at temperatures (298,308,318) K. The process of adsorption is a physical one. Three kinetic models of the adsorption process were also used, with the results demonstrating the applicability of the pseud
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