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An Evaluation of the Solubility of Four Endodontic Sealers in Different Solvents (An In Vitro Study)
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Background: Complete removal of filling material from the root canal is an essential requirement for endodontic retreatment. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate and compare the dissolving capabilities of various solvents (Xylene, Eugenate Desobturator, Eucalyptol, EDTA and Distilled water (as a control)) on four different types of sealer (Endofill, Apexit Plus, AH Plus and EndoSequence bioceramic sealer). Materials and method: Eighty samples of each sealer were prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions and then divided into ten groups (of 8 samples) for immersion in the respective solvents for 2 and 5 min immersion periods. Each sealer specimen was weighed to obtain its initial mass. The specimens were immersed in the tested solvents for 2 and 5 min, followed by rinsing with double distilled water and blotted dry with an absorbent paper, then they were reweighed to determine its final mass. The mean of weight loss was determined for each material in each solvent during the specified immersion period, and the values were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Clear differences were shown in the solubility profile of these root canal sealers in the tested solvents. The result of the present study shows that Xylene had the greatest capacity for dissolving Endofill, Apexit Plus and AH Plus. Eugenate Desobturator, Eucalyptol and EDTA showed a highly significant dissolving capability on these sealers with variations between these subgroups; EndoSequence BC sealer is insoluble in these tested solvents. Regarding the immersion time, higher values of solubility were obtained at 5 min than that at 2 min immersion time. Conclusion: The results showed that Xylene, Eugenate Desobturator, Eucalyptol and EDTA can be used for the removal of Endofill, Apexit Plus and AH Plus during endodontic retreatment with variations between these subgroups; D.W (control group) showed the least capacity for dissolving these sealers. EndoSequence BC sealer is insoluble in the tested solvents.

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 04 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, characterization and spectroscopic studies on Schiff base complexes of 1-phenyl-2, 3-dimethyl-4-amino-5-oxo-pyrazole with salicylaldehyde with some divalent transition metals
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In this research, the preparation of bidentate Schiff base was carried out via the condensation reaction of both the salicylaldehyde with 1-phenyl-2,3-dimethyl-4-amino-5-oxo-pyrazole to form the ligand (L). The mentioned ligand was used to prepare complexes with transition metal ions Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II). The resulting complexes were separated and characterized by FTIR and UV-Vis spectroscopic technique. Elemental analysis for Carbon, Hydrogen and Nitrogen elements, electronic spectra of the ligand and complexes were obtained, and the magnetic susceptibility tests were also achieved to measure the dipole moments. The molar conductivities were also measured and determination of chlorine content in the complexes and

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 28 2025
Journal Name
Applied Physics A
Gas sensing characteristics of (TiO2)1−x (ZnO: MgO)x thin films doped and undoped with Au NPs for NO2 and H2S detection prepared by spray pyrolysis
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In this study, thin films of pure titanium dioxide (TiO2) and titanium dioxide dual mixed with zinc oxide (ZnO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) with varying concentrations of (ZnO: MgO)x ranging from 0 to 30 wt% undoped and doped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared on glass using the chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique. The morphological, structural, and sensing properties of the prepared thin films were examined. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed that these films exhibit a consistent structure before and after doping. Initially, the roughness of these films was observed to increase upon the introduction of impurities (ZnO: MgO)x. This trend reversed at x=0.20, where a decrease in roughness occurred. Interestingly, a sub

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 04 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, Spectral and Dyeing Performance Studies of 4-(2-Aminmo-5-nitro-phenylazo)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one Complexes with Some Metal Ions
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The ligand 4-(2-aminmo-5-nitro-phenylazo)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenyl-1,2-dihydro-pyrazol-3-one derived from 4-aminoantipyrine and 4-nitroaniline was synthesized. The synthesized ligand was characterized by 1HNMR, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectra and (C.H.N) analysis. Complexes of (YIII and LaIII ) with the ligand were prepared in aqueous ethanol with a 1:2 M:L ratio and at optimum pH. The prepared complexes were characterized by using flame atomic absorption, FT-IR, UV-Vis spectra,(C.H.N) analysis and conductivity measurement. The stoichiometry of complexes was studied by the mole ratio and job methods. A concentration range (1×10-4 - 3×10-4 M) obeyed Beer's law, the complex solutions show high values of molar absorption. On the basis of physicochemical

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 28 2025
Journal Name
Applied Physics A
Gas sensing characteristics of (TiO2)1−x (ZnO: MgO)x thin films doped and undoped with Au NPs for NO2 and H2S detection prepared by spray pyrolysis
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In this study, thin films of pure titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) and titanium dioxide dual mixed with zinc oxide (ZnO) and magnesium oxide (MgO) with varying concentrations of (ZnO: MgO) x ranging from 0 to 30 wt% undoped and doped gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared on glass using the chemical spray pyrolysis (CSP) technique. The morphological, structural, and sensing properties of the prepared thin films were examined. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) analysis revealed that these films exhibit a consistent structure before and after doping. Initially, the roughness of these films was observed to increase upon the introduction of impurities (ZnO: MgO) x . This trend reversed at x = 0.20, where a decrease in roughness occurred. Interestin

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 25 2012
Journal Name
Synthesis, Characterization And Antibacterial Activities Of Some Metal (ii) Heterocyclic Polyamine Complexes With 6,6'-(1,4-phenylenebis(azanediyl) Bis(2- Amino-6-methyl-6h-1,3-oxazin-4-ol) Ligand.
Synthesis, characterization and Antibacterial activities of some metal (II) heterocyclic polyamine complexes with 6,6'-(1,4-phenylenebis(azanediyl) bis(2-amino-6-methyl-6H-1,3-oxazin-4-ol) ligand.
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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2015
Journal Name
Chemistry And Materials Research
Synthesis, Physico-Chemical and Antimicrobial Activities Co(II),Ni (II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II),Cd(II) and Hg(II) Mixed- Ligand Complexes of L- Alanine and Trimethoprim Antibiotic
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The Co (II), Ni (II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II) ,Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of mixed of amino acid (L-Alanine ) and Trimethoprim antibiotic were synthesized. The complexes were characterized using melting point, conductivity measurement and determination the percentage of the metal in the complexes by flame (AAS). Magnetic susceptibility, Spectroscopic Method [FTIR and UV-Vis]. The general formula have been given for the prepared mixed ligand complexes [M(Ala)2(TMP)(H2O)] where L- alanine (abbreviated as (Ala ) = (C5H9NO2) deprotonated primary ligand, L- Alanine ion .= (C5H8NO2 -) Trimethoprim (abbreviated as (TMP ) = C10H11N3O3S M(II) = Co (II),Ni(II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II) ,Cd(II) and Hg(II). The results showed that the deprotonated L- Alanine by KOH (Ala

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 01 2026
Journal Name
Rsc Advances
Green biosynthesis of selenium nanoparticles by <i>Ralstonia insidiosa</i> which demonstrate effectiveness against human cancer cells, <i>Candida</i> species and multidrug-resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>
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Green biosynthesized selenium nanoparticles from Ralstonia insidiosa show potent activity against multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii , pathogenic Candida spp. and human prostate cancer cells.

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 15 2025
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Activity and Antioxidant Studies of New Metal Ion Complexes Based on (E)-4-((benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylimino)methyl)-1,5-dimethyl-2-phenylpyrazolidin-3-one
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Publication Date
Mon Aug 17 2020
Journal Name
Systematic Reviews In Pharmacy
New mixed ligand complexes of New Schiff base 4,4'- ((naphthalen-1-ylimino) methylene) dibenzene-1,3-diol and 8-hydroxy quinoline: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Thermal studies and Biological Activities
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New mixed ligand complexes of New Schiff base 4,4'- ((naphthalen-1-ylimino) methylene) dibenzene-1,3-diol and 8-hydroxy quinoline: Synthesis, Spectral Characterization, Thermal studies and Biological Activities

Publication Date
Wed Jul 05 2017
Journal Name
Chemical Engineering Communications
Microwave-assisted preparation of mesoporous-activated carbon from coconut (<i>Cocos nucifera</i>) leaf by H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>activation for methylene blue adsorption
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