Background: Ceramic veneers represent the treatment of choice in minimally invasive esthetic dentistry; one of the critical factors in their long term success is marginal adaptation. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the marginal gap of ceramic veneers by using two different fabrication techniques and two different designs of preparation. Material and methods: A typodont maxillary central incisor used in the preparation from which metal dies were fabricated, which were in turn used to make forty stone dies. The dies divided into four experimental groups, each group had ten samples: A1: prepared with butt-joint incisal reduction and restored with IPS e.max CAD, A2: prepared with overlapped incisal reduction and restored with IPS e.max CAD. B1: prepared with butt-joint incisal reduction restored with IPS e.max press. B2: prepared with overlapped incisal reduction and restored with IPS e.max press. The marginal gap was measured with direct view technique using digital microscope at a magnification of 230x. Measurements were recorded for four surfaces for each sample and the maximum value was taken to represent that sample. Results: The data were analyzed with two-way ANOVA and independent samples t-tests. These tests revealed highly significant effects of both the preparation design and the technique of fabrication on the marginal gap (p=0.00), with CAD/CAM veneers, group A1 recorded the least marginal gap and pressing group, B2 showed the highest gap values. There was no significant effect of the interaction between the two parameters on the marginal gap. Conclusion: the CAD/CAM veneers with butt joint incisal reduction produced the most accurate margins while the least favorable combination was the pressable ceramic veneers with overlapped incisal reduction.
Abstract:
The research seeks to explain the role of the international auditing standard (3402) in the auditor's procedures, where the importance of the research stems from the adoption of international auditing standards in the Iraqi environment, including the standard (3402) of assurance engagements that the external auditor performs by submitting reports on the design of control tools and their operational effectiveness in a service facility that provides the beneficiaries with a service. To provide useful information for service organizations The control tools are of great benefit in rationalizing decisions, and many recommen
The aim of the research is to indicate the degree of arrangement of the tax branches discussed and the level of efficiency of their performance according to the dimensions approved in the tax diagnostic tool (TADAT). The checklist has been approved as a main tool in collecting data and information from the tax branches of the General Authority for Taxes and the number (8) branches represented by (Karrada , Karakh Center, Al-Rusafa, New Baghdad, Al-Dora, Karakh Al-Tafim, Al-Kadhimiya, Al-Bayaa), The statistical program (spss) was used to calculate the weighted arithmetic media, and we reached the research to a number of conclusions, the most important of which were: - Each of the subsections (Karkh Al-Ahram and Karrada) achieved an
... Show MoreThe treasury bills one internal government debt instruments in iraq that were used to finance temporary deficits in the government budget, There fore the government resorted to issuing for the purpose of providing liquidity, As well as to invest in productive progects, After that it was financing the budget deficit by the monetary authovity of the central baalpennek [the new cash velease] which led to negative effects on the Iraqi econome, Thus we find that the treasury transfers have formed alarge proportion of the gross domestic government debt to finance the deficit ayear ago 2003. &nbs
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The study aims to identify the impact of competency-based training in its dimensions (skills, cognitive abilities, attitudes, and attitudes) in improving the performance of employees (achievement, strategic thinking and problem solving) in Jordanian university hospitals.
The study based on analytical descriptive method. The study population consisted of the Jordanian University Hospitals, the University Hospital of Jordan and the King Abdullah Hospital, as applied study case. The sample of the study consists of all upper and middle administrative employees of these hospitals; questionnaire distributed all of them and the number of valid questionnaires for analysis were 182 questionnaire.
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Purpose: To use the balanced measurement approach as a strategic link for increasing the effectiveness of strategic planning in the direction of achieving satisfaction rates at Bisha University in Saudi Arabia
Design / methodology / approach –The questionnaire survey was used to collect the data of the study from the faculty members at University of Bisha.
Findings –Prove the assumption that the use of the balanced measurement approach - as a strategic planning tool - leads to maximize the satisfaction rates among faculty members at the University of Bisha.
Research limitations/implications- adopt effective strategic planning in order to achieve
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The world faces, in the last years of the last century and the beginning
of the current century i.e. the 21st century, a great expansion and a large
openness on new worlds in studies differ in their development, detection of
thinking methods and practice of mental processes.
The recent studies have proved an increase in the scientific
achievement among students through the presence of new techniques one of
which is Landa Organizing and Exploring Model concerning Physiology that
deals with various body organs.
This research aims at identifying the effectiveness of Landa Model on
the achievement of the Technical Medicine Institute students in Physiology so
as to be sure of the following nil hypothesis: there i
The research aims to know the concept of politic behavior as one of the important behaviours in the different fields and sectors. It is considered to be part of the organizatial work to face the expected risks. It includes two group of factors personal (self –monitors, locus of control ,expectation s of success, perceived job alternatives)and organizational(promotion ,division resources,role ambiguity ,democratic decision)studied by the researcher in the frame of the relationship with the variable of display continuous trust matain which includes two variable (build trust mantain, display trust continuouness)through applied frame by random sample consists of (90)employee at Farouq State
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Abstract
The aim of the current research is to identify the level of availability of written expression skills included in the Arabic language curriculum document among middle school students from the teachers' point of view. The researcher used the descriptive approach. To analyze the data and access the research results, he used the (SPSS) program. The research was conducted during the first semester of the academic year 1442/1443 AH on a random sample of Arabic language teachers in the Bisha Education Department. They reached about (213) male and female teachers. The results revealed a number of indicators: the level of availability of written expression skills among middle school students in Bisha governorate
... Show MoreThe study aims to investigate the degree of student teachers at Sultan Qaboos University acquired skills in teaching Arabic via a virtual micro-teaching lab, as well as to reveal the difficulties they faced and their development proposals. To do this, the researchers developed a questionnaire divided into four dimensions: planning, implementation, evaluation, and
ethical values for the teaching profession, in addition to two open-ended questions to identify difficulties and suggestions. It was administered to (30) student teachers. The results revealed that the average degree of student-teacher acquisition of skills was high in its four dimensions. It ranged between (39.2) to (82.2), while the overall average was (56.2).
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