Background: Secretory Immunoglobulin A (SIgA) is a subclass of Immunoglobulin A (IgA), It is an antibody that plays an important role in mucosal immunity. It is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions from mammary glands, tear glands and salivary glands, every pathologic process in the body involves the immune system, and periodontal inflammation is one of them and is not an exception. Material and methods: this study was consisted of 60 healthy male participants of an age ranged between (35-50) years old ; 25 of them with generalized moderate chronic periodontists(Clinical Attachment Loss equal to 3-4mm at ≥ 30% of the sites; 20 participants with plaque induced gingivitis and 15 participants had clinically healthy periodontium as control group. oral examination include Plaque Index, Gingival Index, Probing Pocket Depth and Clinical Attachment Level were conducted for all participants four sites were examined for each tooth (labial ,lingual, mesial and distal), 2ml of unstimulated whole saliva was collected from all participants to measure Secretory Immunoglobulin A in µg /ml by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results: salivary IgA(sIgA) mean was (356.3) µg /ml for the chronic periodontitis patients; while it was 202 µg /ml for plaque induced gingivitis patients and it was 129.2 µg /ml for the control group. Highly significant differences among the three group were recorded (P-value <0.001). For chronic periodontitis patients, the Plaque Index Gingival Index scores were positively highly significant correlated with Secretory Immunoglobulin A level in saliva. The Probing Pocket Depth scores were positively and significantly associated with Secretory Immunoglobulin A level. The Clinical Attachment Level scores were positively but non significant associated with Secretory Immunoglobulin A level. For the gingivitis and the control group they were positive non significant association between the periodontal parameters and the Secretory Immunoglobulin A level in saliva. Conclusion: there is a correlation between Secretory Immunoglobulin A level in saliva and the periodontal health status.
This paper deals with an analytical study of the flow of an incompressible generalized Burgers’ fluid (GBF) in an annular pipe. We discussed in this problem the flow induced by an impulsive pressure gradient and compare the results with flow due to a constant pressure gradient. Analytic solutions for velocity is earned by using discrete Laplace transform (DLT) of the sequential fractional derivatives (FD) and finite Hankel transform (FHT). The influences of different parameters are analyzed on a velocity distribution characteristics and a comparison between two cases is also presented, and discussed in details. Eventually, the figures are plotted to exhibit these effects.
This research aimed to diagnose the perception based on Telecommunications of Iraq to the importance of activating knowledge management marketing in possession, as well as Indication of impediments to activate the management of marketing knowledge in the researched companies, also aimed to show the extent of the existence of significant differences in perception based on Telecommunications Iraqi importance of activating the management marketing knowledge in possession. To achieve the objectives of this research, the questionnaire was developed and distributed to a sample of telecommunications companies in the city of Sulaimaniya, was selected on the criterion according to the company's life in terms of seniority in the telecommunication
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The challenges facing today's multi-customer and this is due to the multiplicity of products and speed in launching new products so search came to reveal the reveal the of the new product classification standards through a relationship (good products, low interest products, useful products and products desired) and the customer emotionally blackmail through deportation (fear, obligation and guilt). dentified the problem of the research in several questions focused on the nature of the relationship between the variables of research, and for that outline supposedly to search it expresses the head of one hypothesis and branched out of which four hypotheses subset, but in order to ensure the validity of the ass
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The aim of this study is to identify the effectiveness of a rational, emotional, behavioral program in developing self-efficacy to reduce the level of Burnout in 20 teachers of students with autism disorder in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. The proposed program included 12 training sessions. The researcher found that the proposed program has contributed significantly to the development of self-efficacy and reduce the level of Burnout for the targeted subject in this study.
Background: Fixed orthodontic appliances impede the maintenance of oral hygiene and result in plaque accumulation leads to enamel demineralization caused by acids produced by bacteria. Studies on plaque control strategies in orthodontic populations are limited. This might be caused by difficulties in the quantitative evaluation of dental plaque because the teeth have various levels of bracket coverage, and different tooth sizes and malocclusions, making the traditional categorical indices complex. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of different hygiene protocols on plaque quantity on bands with different attachments. Materials and method: Twenty patients had four bands within the orthodontic appliance. Then randomly divided into
... Show MoreThe aim of this research is to use robust technique by trimming, as the analysis of maximum likelihood (ML) often fails in the case of outliers in the studied phenomenon. Where the (MLE) will lose its advantages because of the bad influence caused by the Outliers. In order to address this problem, new statistical methods have been developed so as not to be affected by the outliers. These methods have robustness or resistance. Therefore, maximum trimmed likelihood: (MTL) is a good alternative to achieve more results. Acceptability and analogies, but weights can be used to increase the efficiency of the resulting capacities and to increase the strength of the estimate using the maximum weighted trimmed likelihood (MWTL). In order to perform t
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