Background: Astrocytic tumors are the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system. Several grading systems are used to grade astrocytomas. The most widely used system is the World Health Organization (WHO) classification (1979, 1993, 2000, and 2007) that grades astrocytomas (I-IV) based on cytological atypia, mitotic activity, vascular proliferation, and necrosis: pilocytic astrocytoma (grade I), diffuse astrocytoma (grade II), anaplastic astrocytoma (grade III), and glioblastoma (grade IV).
Objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate p53 over expression , Ki-67 expression in astrocytomas and Correlate these two markers with histologic grade of astrocytomas.
Methods: Formalin fixed, paraff

Background: Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a relatively common chronic inflammatory muco-cutaneous disease classified among the potentially malignant lesions of oral mucosa. The aim of this study is to investigate and compare the expression of p53 and PCNA proteins in oral lichen planus and epithelial dysplasia cases. Materials and methods:Formalin-fixed and paraffin- embedded blocks of 21 lichen planusand 21 oral dysplasia cases were referred to immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis for anti p53 and anti PCNA monoclonal antibodies. Results: The results showed that positive nuclear staining for p53 was found in 11/21 (52.4%) cases of lichen planus and 17/21 (80.9%) cases of dysplasia. Positivity for PCNA was observed in 18/21(85.7%) of oral li

Oral carcinoma is the 6th most common cancer in the world. MicroRNAs are small non-coding single stranded RNAs. They have been shown to be capable of altering mRNA expression; thus some are oncogenic or tumor suppressive in nature. The salivary microRNA-31 has been proposed as a sensitive marker for oral malignancy since it was abundant in saliva more than in plasma. A total of 55 whole saliva samples were collected from 35 cases diagnosed with OC their ages and gender matched with 20 healthy subjects. TaqManq RT-PCR was performed for RNA samples. Mean age was 52.23+13.73 years in cases (range:17-70 years) with male predominance represented 69%. Risk of smoking and alcoholism was highly significant. The median fold change of miR-31 was sign

Background: Recently epigenetic alterations have received increased attention because of theirimportant role in the process of tumerigenesis. It has been found that more than half of genetic changes were epigenetic. Epigenetic alterations are catalyzed by DNMTs enzymes. Increased knowledge about this molecular event may achieve progress in the war against cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the expression of DNMT3B among oral, laryngeal and skin SCC. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on (120) formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded blocks, histopathologically diagnosed as oral, laryngeal and skin SCC). Immunohistochemical staining of DNMT3B antibody was performed on each case of this study. Results: The immunoh

: Cervical cancer representsone of the possibly preventable cancer. The study was designed to find the possible correlation of Tafazzin on the progression of cervical carcinoma. Two groups of paraffinized blocks were included. The study group of 30 cervical tumors as well as 15 biopsies of healthy cervical tissues. After sectioning on a positive charge, immunohistochemical application (IHC) was performed to detect Tafazzin expression. Nighnty percentage (27 out of 30) of the studies group showed positive overexpression as shown in with a significant association of the expression with cervical cancer with a significant association. There is a possible role of TAZ in hastening the development of cervical cancer through different mechanisms. F

Background .To know the incidence of adenoid hypertrophy in adults causing nasal obstruction and other nasal complains.
Methods.Prospective studyof(140 ) adult patientstheir main chief complaint were nasal obstruction , presented to Otolaryngology department at Aljumhory Teaching Hospital in Mosul , from the period (september 2010 to september 2011) ,their age ranged from (21 to 53) years . They were investigated clinically, radiologicaly ,and nasal endoscopic examination was carried out (rigid and fibro-optic ) . Adenoidectomy was performed for those with adenoid hypertrophy and sent for histopathological study .
Results:. we found adenoid enlargement in(24) patients (17.14%),in addition to nasalobstruction they were also complain

Abstract   

Background

Stathmin1 (also known as metablastin) is a major microtubule-depolymerizing protein that involved in cell cycle progression and cell motility.

 Stathmin1 has been found to be up-regulated in some cancers and correlated with cell differentiation and proliferation.  

Stathmin1 is a major cytosolic phosphoprotein that regulates microtubule dynamics and is associated with malignant phenotypes in various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer.

Objective

 To evaluate the role of Immunohistochemical expression of stathmin1 in non-small

Background: Human colorectal carcinogenesis is a complex, multistep and multigenetic process. Matrix metalloproteinase-2 and cyclooxygenase-2 are key enzyme in degradation of extracellular material, are over expressed in several epithelia like colorectal adenocarcinoma.
Objectives: This study was designed to detect the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and cyclooxygenase-2 in patients with colorectal carcinoma and their correlation with age, gender, tumor grade and presence or absence of muscle invasion.
Materials and methods: Immunohistochemical staining of MMP-2 and COX-2 was determined in 40 tissue samples from colorectal patients, from teaching laboratories in Baghdad medical city. In additi

BACKGROUND: Diffuse astrocytomas constitute the largest group of primary malignant human intracranial tumours. They are classified by the World Health Organization (WHO) into three histological malignancy grades: diffuse astrocytomas (grade II), anaplastic astrocytomas (grade III) and glioblastoma (grade IV) based on histopathological features such as cellular atypia, mitotic activity, necrosis and microvascular proliferation. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is a 170-kDa transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor expressed in a variety of normal and malignant cells regulating critical cellular processes. When activated, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) triggers several signalling cascades leading to increased proliferatio

Background: Bladder carcinoma is one of the most common cancer worldwide, it accounts for 6.5% of all cancers, with highest incidence in industrialized countries .It represents the fourth most common cancer in men and the eighth in women. Bladder carcinoma depends in its pathogenesis on a combination of genetic and environmental factors, these factors produce phenotypic changes that allow normal transitional cells to become cancerous and finally acquire the “malignant phenotype".  Many attempts had been tried to explore the role of some genetic abnormalities encountered in bladder carcinoma. It has indicated that many genetic abnormalities may underline the pathogenesis of cancer evolution of urinary