Background: Coated archwires have been introduced to improve esthetics during orthodontic treatment. Theaim of the present study was to evaluate and compare the load–deflection characteristics and force levels of six brands of coated nickel titanium orthodontic archwires using palatal and gingival deflection. Materials and methods: Ten round wires (0.016 inch) and ten rectangular wires (0.019x0.025 inch) were obtained from each of six brands (G&H, Opal, Ortho Technology, Dany, Hubit and Astar Companies). The load-deflection properties of these archwires were evaluated by the modified bending test usinga readymade dental arch model in both palatal and gingival directions at 37°C temperature using a universal material testing machine. Forces generated at maximum loading of 2mm and at unloading of 1.5mm were measured. Results: All the wires showed hysteresis and significant differences in their load deflection curves, but these differences were more evident in round wires than in rectangular wires where G&H wires showed the widest loading- unloading deflection curves. The maximum loading force of round wires in gingival deflection were higher than by palatal deflection. The force decline during unloading (plateau gap) ranged between 18 to 34% for round wires and 17 to 37% for rectangular wires. Conclusion: Coated epoxy wires (G&H, Opal, Astar and Ortho Technology) produced lower forces compared to polymer (Dany) and Teflon (Hubit) coated round and rectangular archwire.
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion process of organic materials is biochemical decomposition process done by two types of digestion bacteria in the absence of oxygen resulting in the biogas production, which is produced as a waste product of digestion. The first type of bacteria is known as acidogenic which converts organic waste to fatty acids. The second type of bacteria is called methane creators or methanogenic which transforms the fatty acids to biogas (CH4 and CO2). The considerable amounts of biodegradable constitutes such as carbohydrates, lipids and proteins present in the microalgae biomass make it a suitable substrate for the anaerobic digestion or even c
... Show MoreA total number of 68 water samples was revealed 20 isolates being Staphylococcus aureus. Irrigation water isolates represented 25% of isolates while wastewater 75%. all isolates were identified by morphological, microscopial, biochemical tests and VITEK®2 Compact. Bacterial isolates were subjected to 16 antibiotics, all irrigation water and wastewater isolates were resistant to penicillin while they were fully sensitive to Ciprofloxcin. Irrigation water isolates showed relatively greater multi-drug resistance than wastewater, wherein irrigation water isolates showed 100% multi-drug resistance while wastewater isolates showed 73.3% multi-drug resistance, indicating the ability of S. aureus MDR to move from one site to another, which means t
... Show MoreThis paper presents the syntactic dimension of ditransitive verbs in terms of the universal theory of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG). This theory is syntactic in nature, but it also covers the semantic as well as the pragmatic aspects of any linguistic phenomenon. It assumes a universal framework through which syntactic constructions can be analyzed. However, the morphological structure that each language enjoys renders the universal treatment more complicated and can question the universal nature of such a theory. In this paper, an attempt is made to check if the universal tenet of the theory is maintained over two typologically different languages: English and Arabic in respect of the way that double-object constructions (DOCs)
... Show MoreGrapes and grape seeds are important samples employed for environmental medical studies . The air of this work was to identify and concentration calculation of the elements in grapes fruit and thier seeds by using X-Ray fluoresces technique (XRF) . Samples were collected from Abo Ghraib of Baghdad city ,the grape seeds were obtained from those samples . Both samples were taken under experimental procedure to obtain the sample which were ready for analysis . The samples were then submitted to experimental conditions using a radiation source and then samples were applied for counting analysis shows the elements Na , Mg , Al , Si , P , S , Cl , K , Ca , and Sr as major components of the samples. Fe , Sr , I , Ba and V were
... Show MoreABSTRACT Background: Dental caries is a most common social and intractable infectious disease in human. Saliva is critical for preserving and maintaining oral health and salivary elements had many effects on caries experience. Aim of study: This study was conducted to assess dental caries severity by age and gender and their relation to salivary zinc and copper among a group of adults aged (19-22) years. Materials and methods: After examination eighty persons aged 19-22 years of both gender. Caries severity was documented according to DMFS index. Stimulated salivary samples were collected and chemically analyzed under standardized condition to detect salivary elements zinc and copper. Concentrations of Zinc and copper were measured by using
... Show MoreKp index correlates with the many magnetosphere properties, which are used to measure the level of magnetic activity. In the solar system, the two different planets, Mercury with weak magnetic field and Jupiter with strong magnetic field, are selected for this study to calculate the planet's magnetosphere radius (RMP) which represents the size of magnetosphere compared with solar activity through Kp index, through two types of geomagnetic conditions; quiet and strong for the period (2016-2018). From the results, we found that there are reversible relations between them during strong geomagnetic storms, while there are direct relations during quiet geomagnetic conditions. Also it is found that the
... Show MoreN-Benzylidene m-nitrobenzeneamines (Schiff bases) were prepared by condensation of m-nitroaniline with aromatic aldehydes. These Schiff bases were found to react with maleic anhydride to give 2-Aryl-3-(m-nitrophenyl)-2, 3-dihydro [1, 3] oxazepine–4, 7–diones and with phthalic anhydride to give 2-Aryl-3–(m-nitrophenyl)–2, 3–dihydrobenz|| 1, 2-e|||| 1, 3] oxazepine–4, 7-diones which were reacted with pyrrolidine to give the anilide–pyrrolidides of maleic acid and phthalic acid.
Arabic language , like any other living languages grow and evolve ; social phenomenon
it is subject to the law of life ; therefore resemble organism also touted as the most eloquent
language and the ability to meet the needs of people in every time and place.
The contemplation of the verses of the Koran reveals a lot of means of expression
leading to the grammatical meaning of the social.
I have tried in this research that investigated the social meanings through the phenomena
of deletion and delivery delays and capture semantic landing through the meanings that lead
to psychological persuasion to comply with the orders after the rights of the divine in which
social directives.
It remains the greatest mystery o