Background: The demand for better esthetic during orthodontic treatment has increased nowadays, so orthodontists starting using esthetic arch wires, brackets and ligatures.Tooth colored brackets were introduced in different types of materials. Sapphire ceramic brackets are one type of esthetic brackets and their color stability remains the main concern for the clinicians and patients at the same time. The present study design to evaluate the effect of three different staining materials (pepsi, black tea and cigarette smoke) on the stainability of sapphire ceramic brackets bonded with three types of light cure orthodontic adhesives which include: Resilience, Enlight and Transbond. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of three hundred sixty sapphire brackets. The brackets were divided according to bonding materials into three groups each group consist of one hundred twenty brackets, then each subgroup farther subdivided into four groups according to the material they were immersed (distilled water, black tea, Pepsi and cigarette smoke) with thirty brackets each, then Each group with ten brackets farther subdivided according to time interval of immersion in each media into three groups one day, seven days and fourteen days at 37°C in the incubator.A UV-Visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV -1800) was used to perform a light absorption test. Results: ANOVA and LSD post Hoc tests were used to identify the significant effects of the staining materials at a significance level P ≤ 0.05.It was found that the immersion time gradually influenced the color stability of the adhesive materials with sapphire brackets with the highest activity observed at fourteen days interval. The brackets bonded with Resilience light cure adhesive are the most type affected by staining materials, then followed by the brackets bonded with Transbond and finally the brackets bonded with Enlight light cure adhesive. For the staining materials it was found that the cigarette smoke is the most powerful staining material, followed by tea and finally pepsi. Conclusions: From the above result we can conclude that the type of adhesive must take in consideration when the esthetic brackets have been used.
The light-based life in the universe, including the human derived concepts and meanings of the fear of darkness and evil, comfort and goodness of light, became constitute bilateral haunted man to this day in various concepts of life.Therefore reflect the light form artistic aesthetic in visual arts such arts Fine Photography and the other until the emergence of art cinema, as the use of lighting in cinema has produced high-energy in the composition of its values expressive and symbolic, where it became dark and light are the space visually moving the vehicles media kit for many within the work structure artwork. The research is divided into five chapters, the first chapter (the methodological framework) that included an introduction the
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The current research discusses the jurisprudence of the argumentative meaning in the Qur’an, and it is one of the general methods of responses in the Qur’an, as well as the argumentative approach to the recitations of the readers and directing their meanings. I have chosen a model for three verses from Surat Al-An’am, in which there are seven frequent recitations and seven odd ones, on a topic related to theology and faith; It forms the centerpiece of the argument verses in Surat Al-An'am; It contains the jurisprudence of dealing with infidels and dissenters, turning away and forbidding insulting what they claim besides God in the event of corruption, and God Almighty’s decree and wisdom in the occurrence of unbeli
... Show MoreThis study observed the genetic diversity and relationships among 4 species belonging to genus Gladiolus L. , by using the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique , the study includes extraction of genomic DNA from the dray leaves by using commercial kit . 4 random primers used the produced of many polymorphic bands among the 4 species , it was also possible to fined the DNA fingerprint of all studied species.Through the appearance of a number of bands that were unique to each species.Genetic distances ranged from 0.10 to 0.86, and used cluster analysis were performed to construct dendrogram.Cluster analysis grouped the 4 species Into tow main clusters depending on their ancestor and their morphological
... Show MoreIn this paper we use the Markov Switching model to investigate the link between the level of Iraqi inflation and its uncertainty; forth period 1980-2010 we measure inflation uncertainty as the variance of unanticipated inflation. The results ensure there are a negative effect of inflation level on inflation uncertainty and all so there are a positive effect of inflation uncertainty on inflation level.  
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Abstract
Multivariate GARCH Models take several forms , the most important DCC dynamic conditional correlation, and CCC constant conditional correlation , The Purpose of this research is the Comparison for both Models.Using three financial time series which is a series of daily Iraqi dinar exchange rate indollar, Global daily Oil price in dollar and Global daily gold price in dollarfor the period from 01/01/2014 till 01/01/2016, Where it has been transferred to the three time series returns to get the Stationarity, some tests were conducted including Ljung-Box , JarqueBera , Multivariate ARCH to Returns Series and Residuals Series for both models In Comparison
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The research addresses the feminist lament and its representations in the contemporary Arab theatrical text as one of the purposes of the Arabic poetry and its images, samples, and reasons developed and its incentives multiplied through different time periods in which a dramatic image and representations have been manifested that harmonized with the art of theatre. In order to shed light on these representations, this study has come to look for the representations of lament phenomenon in the Arab theatre texts.
The study consists of an introduction in which the two researchers put forward the research problem, significance and objectives, and a theoretical framework which tackles a theoretical foundation for the research consi
Coupling reaction of 2-amino benzoic acid with the 8-hydroxy quinoline gave the azo ligand (H2L): 5-(2-benzoic acid azo )-8-hydroxy quinoline.Treatment of this ligand with some metal ions (CoII, NiII and CuII ) in ethanolic medium with a (1:2) (M:L) ratio yielded a series of neutral complexes with general Formula[M(HL)2],where: M=Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II), HL=anion azo ligand (-1).The prepared complexes were characterized using flame atomic absorption,FT-IR and UV-Vis spectroscopic methods as well as magnetic susceptibility and conductivity measurements.
. New Schiff base ligand 2-((4-amino-5-(3, 4, 5-trimethoxybenzyl) pyrimidin2-ylimino) (phenyl)methyl)benzoic acid] = [HL] was synthesized using microwave irradiation trimethoprim and 2-benzoyl benzoic acid. Mixed ligand complexes of Mn((ІІ), Co(ІІ), Ni(ІІ), Cu(ІІ), Zn(ІІ) and Cd(ІІ) are reacted in ethanol with Schiff base ligand [HL] and 8-hydroxyquinoline [HQ] then reacted with metal salts in ethanol as a solvent in (1:1:1) ratio. The ligand [HL] is characterized by FTIR, UV-Vis, melting point, elemental microanalysis (C.H.N), 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectra. The mixed ligand complexes are characterized by infrared spectra, electronic spectra, (C.H.N), melting point, atomic absorption, molar conductance and magnetic m
... Show MoreThe Co (II), Ni (II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II) ,Cd(II) and Hg(II) complexes of mixed of amino acid (L-Alanine ) and Trimethoprim antibiotic were synthesized. The complexes were characterized using melting point, conductivity measurement and determination the percentage of the metal in the complexes by flame (AAS). Magnetic susceptibility, Spectroscopic Method [FT-IR and UV-Vis]. The general formula have been given for the prepared mixed ligand complexes [M(Ala)2(TMP)(H2O)] where L- alanine (abbreviated as (Ala ) = (C5H9NO2) deprotonated primary ligand, L- Alanine ion .= (C5H8NO2-) Trimethoprim (abbreviated as (TMP ) = C10H11N3O3S M(II) = Co (II),Ni(II) ,Cu(II), Zn(II) ,Cd(II) and Hg(II). The results showed that the deprotonated L- Alanine b
... Show MoreThis research of the thesis includes the preparation and identification of two new tetra dentate Schiff's base ligand . (H4L1 ) and then binuclear complexes with a group of transition metal ions in addition to cadmium with the general formula. [M2(L1)Cl2(H2O)2] M+2=[Mn,Co,Ni,Cu and Cd] The prepared complexes and ligands were identified by in pared(FT-IR) spectroscopy ,Ultra violet-visible(UV-visible) spectroscopy and H-NMR spectroscopy of the prepared ligand, also microanalysis (C.H.N) of some of the prepared compounds has been carried out and the melting points, the molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility