Background: The demand for better esthetic during orthodontic treatment has increased nowadays, so orthodontists starting using esthetic arch wires, brackets and ligatures.Tooth colored brackets were introduced in different types of materials. Sapphire ceramic brackets are one type of esthetic brackets and their color stability remains the main concern for the clinicians and patients at the same time. The present study design to evaluate the effect of three different staining materials (pepsi, black tea and cigarette smoke) on the stainability of sapphire ceramic brackets bonded with three types of light cure orthodontic adhesives which include: Resilience, Enlight and Transbond. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of three hundred sixty sapphire brackets. The brackets were divided according to bonding materials into three groups each group consist of one hundred twenty brackets, then each subgroup farther subdivided into four groups according to the material they were immersed (distilled water, black tea, Pepsi and cigarette smoke) with thirty brackets each, then Each group with ten brackets farther subdivided according to time interval of immersion in each media into three groups one day, seven days and fourteen days at 37°C in the incubator.A UV-Visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV -1800) was used to perform a light absorption test. Results: ANOVA and LSD post Hoc tests were used to identify the significant effects of the staining materials at a significance level P ≤ 0.05.It was found that the immersion time gradually influenced the color stability of the adhesive materials with sapphire brackets with the highest activity observed at fourteen days interval. The brackets bonded with Resilience light cure adhesive are the most type affected by staining materials, then followed by the brackets bonded with Transbond and finally the brackets bonded with Enlight light cure adhesive. For the staining materials it was found that the cigarette smoke is the most powerful staining material, followed by tea and finally pepsi. Conclusions: From the above result we can conclude that the type of adhesive must take in consideration when the esthetic brackets have been used.
Abstract: This research aims to investigate and analyze the most pressing issues facing the Iraqi economy, namely economic stability and inclusive growth Consequently, the present study investigates the effect of inflation and unemployment, which are significant contributors to economic instability, on inclusive growth dimensions such as GDP, education, health, governance, poverty, income inequality, and environmental performance. From 1991 to 2021, secondary data were collected using World Bank Indicators (WDI) and Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) databases. The researchers also employed the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model to determine the relationship between variables. The study revealed that fluct
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This paper involved the registration of 1,936 cases of infection of the Leishmania tropica parasite observed at hospitals and health centers in Ramadi, Fallujah, Baghdadi, and Hit during 2017. The results revealed that the highest rates of infection were found in Ramadi and Fallujah. The 1-10 years age group recorded the highest rate at 35.5%. There was no significant difference (p ≥ 0.05) between the sexes. December and January saw the highest rate of infection, where the rate in rural townships was found to be 65.5%, higher than in urban regions which saw a rate of 34.4%. Facial lesions were the most prominent area of infection, recorded at a rate of 41.3%. The study also included an examination of 180 rodents (94 mice and 86 black r
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The current research aims to identify the level of strategic orientation and its dimensions (vision, mission, goals, and values) in the Iraqi National Security Service (INSS). The researchers followed the descriptive analytical approach as one of the forms of analysis and organized scientific interpretation to describe a specific phenomenon or problem, adopting the form questionnaire being the main source in collecting data and preparing for this. Based on the program of the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS 26) to analyze the data and come up with the final research results to identify the opinions of the intended sample on the subject of research, and the questionnaire of (20) paragraphs included the search variable, and was
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The research aims to analyze the television advertisement to monitor the indirect and underlying meanings behind the apparent significance in Zain’s “Ya Baghdad” Advertisement through sociological analysis, in accordance with the cultural analysis of Hofstede’s ‘Model of Cultural Dimensions’. Our choice of such a model in practical application over other models that may have provided more dimensions is due to its ability and verification in explaining cultural diversity and additionally the size of data and studies on the cultural dimension. This study’s aim is to verify the validity, stability and significance of this model before being adopted by Hofstede as a measurement tool. This model was used in order to analyze the rel
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This research deals with the hadiths of intimidation. An analytical study of the serious effects of intimidation in society. Intimidation and intimidation of a Muslim is a serious matter, because of the anxiety, intimidation, and dispossession of others ’rights, but some consider it easy, and others intimidate jokingly or seriously, which may lead to such intimidation to have effects Serious.
For intimidation entails the death of the individual, the disappearance of his mind, or the loss of his money, etc., from here the need was urgent; to show the vision of the prophetic Sunnah in denouncing intimidation, so we had this humble research tagged with (hadiths prohibiting the intimidation of a Muslim in the books The six are an analyt
The earth-air heat exchanger (EHX) has a promising potential to passively save the energy consumption of traditional air conditioning systems while maintaining a high degree of indoor comfort. The use of EHX systems for air conditioning in commercial and industrial settings offers several environmental benefits and is capable of operating in both standalone and hybrid modes. This study tests the performance and effectiveness of an EHX design in a sandy soil area in Baghdad, Iraq. The area has a climate of the subtropical semi-humid type. Ambient air temperatures and soil temperatures were recorded throughout the months of 2021. During the months of January and June, the temperatures of the inlet and outflow air at varying air veloci
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The stress(Y) – strength(X) model reliability Bayesian estimation which defines life of a component with strength X and stress Y (the component fails if and only if at any time the applied stress is greater than its strength) has been studied, then the reliability; R=P(Y<X), can be considered as a measure of the component performance. In this paper, a Bayesian analysis has been considered for R when the two variables X and Y are independent Weibull random variables with common parameter α in order to study the effect of each of the two different scale parameters β and λ; respectively, using three different [weighted, quadratic and entropy] loss functions under two different prior functions [Gamma and extension of Jeffery
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The Experiment was carried out to determine the level vibration transfer in three axes Horizontal X, Lateral Y and Vertical Z direction to seat driver tractor, Vector sum of vibration and Daily Vibration Exposure (8 hours) in seat driver tractor, and vibration in steering wheel tractor, Heart Rate, Systolic and Diastolic blood pressure and temperature were measure to all Drivers before and after used Chisel plow in operation tillage. Statistical analysis system was used, Split-Split Plot Design under Randomized Complete Block Design, Three factors were used in this experiment included Two types of Soil Moist and Dry soil which represented main plot, Three Velocity Tractor was second factor included 1.6,3.5 and 5.4 km/hr and Three Drivers Tr
... Show MoreThe aim of the present research is concerned with study the effect of UV radiation on the optical properties at wavelengths 254, 365 nm of pure PC and anthracene doping PC films prepared using the cast method for different doping ratio 10-60 mL. Films of pure PC and anthracene doping PC were aged under UV radiation for periods of up to 360 h. It found that the effect of UV radiation at wavelength 254 nm on the optical properties is great than the effect of UV radiation at wavelength 365 nm. Also, it found that the optical energy gap of pure PC and anthracene doping PC films is stable against radiation.
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In the present study, MIG welding is carried out on low carbon steel type (AISI 1015) by using electrode ER308L of 1.5mm diameter with direct current straight polarity (DCSP). The joint geometry is of a single V-butt joint with one pass welding stroke for different plate thicknesses of 6, 8, and 10 mm. In welding experiments, AISI 1015 plates with dimensions of 200×100mm and edge angle of 60o from both sides are utilized. In this work, three main parameters related to MIG welding process are investigated, which are welding current, welding speed, heat input and plate thickness, and to achieve that three groups of plates are employed each one consists of three plates. The results indicate that increasing the weld heat input (t
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