Background: The demand for better esthetic during orthodontic treatment has increased nowadays, so orthodontists starting using esthetic arch wires, brackets and ligatures.Tooth colored brackets were introduced in different types of materials. Sapphire ceramic brackets are one type of esthetic brackets and their color stability remains the main concern for the clinicians and patients at the same time. The present study design to evaluate the effect of three different staining materials (pepsi, black tea and cigarette smoke) on the stainability of sapphire ceramic brackets bonded with three types of light cure orthodontic adhesives which include: Resilience, Enlight and Transbond. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of three hundred sixty sapphire brackets. The brackets were divided according to bonding materials into three groups each group consist of one hundred twenty brackets, then each subgroup farther subdivided into four groups according to the material they were immersed (distilled water, black tea, Pepsi and cigarette smoke) with thirty brackets each, then Each group with ten brackets farther subdivided according to time interval of immersion in each media into three groups one day, seven days and fourteen days at 37°C in the incubator.A UV-Visible spectrophotometer (Shimadzu, UV -1800) was used to perform a light absorption test. Results: ANOVA and LSD post Hoc tests were used to identify the significant effects of the staining materials at a significance level P ≤ 0.05.It was found that the immersion time gradually influenced the color stability of the adhesive materials with sapphire brackets with the highest activity observed at fourteen days interval. The brackets bonded with Resilience light cure adhesive are the most type affected by staining materials, then followed by the brackets bonded with Transbond and finally the brackets bonded with Enlight light cure adhesive. For the staining materials it was found that the cigarette smoke is the most powerful staining material, followed by tea and finally pepsi. Conclusions: From the above result we can conclude that the type of adhesive must take in consideration when the esthetic brackets have been used.
One of the most important intellectual issues, which receive attention is the issue of modernity, it has occupied the scholars of all time. However, modern poetry used to have special care in Iraq and in the Arab countries .. it is not strange that the concept of modernity is linked to history .. or having history as the most important dimension of its dimensions .. because Arab poetry is historical and it is moving into an area of the past that is still active in terms of language and literary image .. When some poets found that changing and modernizing poetry became a necessity of evolution, and one of the fundamentals of modernization, the cultural impact did not respond to the desire of poets, and their impulse in modern poetry
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The Developing economies of countries have witnessed essential changes to words the development of tourism industry in the 21st century . in addition to adopting same of policies and strategies to grow up with the tourism sector to make it one of the important economic sector to compete the tourist cal developments in the wear .
As for the tourism sector in Iraq ,it's still afresh one , has many of elements which can be in vested ,needs a wide strategies of tourist cal in statutes and variety completive services and change of success for the locale and forgin investor ,the essential aim after this research is to prompt the national economic through the tourism industry and making concisen
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Absract
The letters of the Al-Safa Brothers contain many tales, in which each story is a literary text that is independent from the other texts, but it constitutes a unified entity in its entirety, because these stories contain recurring structural elements that go into building each one of them. The stories - the subject of the analysis - were not keen on something that was keen on adhering to the Sufi vision and its apparent effect on the tales of the messages, starting with the announcement of the narration to the narrator and his attempt to persuade the recipient of the truth of what is being told and its realism, and made him believe it. The stories correspond to the formal construction of the ideal style defined by th
... Show MoreThe present study is concerned with the concept of ethics academically. It aims to investigate the major problems that contemporary Iraqi society suffers from; on top of which is the problem of sectarian and religious intolerance. Such a problem has a major role in the emergence of extremism and terrorism. It further destabilizes the security and stability of the country, exposing, as a result, the lives of citizens to the danger of genocide, disintegrating the social structure, stopping the wheel of development, rampant corruption, and deteriorating the political, social, moral and economic situation. Here comes the role of social work as governmental institutions and civil society organizations in curbing this reprehensible phenomenon
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Granulation Technique for Gamma Alumina Catalyst Support was employed in inclined disk granulator (IDG), rotary drum granulator (RD) and extrusion – spheronization equipments .Product with wide size range can be produced with only few parameters like rpm of equipment, ratio of binder and angle of inclination. The investigation was conducted for determination the optimum operating conditions in the three above different granulation equipments.
Results reveal that the optimum operating conditions to get maximum granulation occurred at ( speed: 31rpm , Inclination:420 , binder ratio:225,300% ) for the IDG,( speed: 68rpm , Inclination: 12.50 , binder ratio: 300% ) for the RD and ( speed:1200rpm , time of rotation: 1-2min )for the Caleva
The study population growth of the most important demographic phenomena upon which planners to meet changes in the size of the population increase is through knowledge of the requirements of population growth can be planned for the future. On this basis, Tuz District was chosen for the study of population growth, which set her period (1977-2012), and compared with the growth of the population of the province and the extent of the variation in population growth, according to the administrative units, has touched search numerical and proportional distribution of the population according to the administrative aspects of the judiciary, as well as environmental distribution.
The elimination of the study population growth dramatically
... Show MoreObjective: To assess prospectively functional outcome of interlocked intramedullary nailing fixation in management of closed tibia shaft fractures. Methodology: This prospective study included 134 patients with closed shaft tibia fractures with age 18-60 years and isolated closed fracture of shaft of tibia. The fractures were fixed by interlocking intramedullary nail. At follow-up after 12 months postoperatively, the functional outcome was assessed radiographically for the sign of union and clinically according to Klemm-Borner criteria. Results: The mean age was 38.55 years. Out of 134 patients, 55.2% were male. The cause was road traffic accident in 44.8%, majority of the fracture occur in the mid-shaft (41.8%), and oblique fracture was th
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Research aims to know the impact beyond the defined in the collection. The research community is the second school students at Baghdad University and a research sample (63) students, the number of experimental group (27) students and a control group (30) students. The researcher was rewarded in variable lifetime for students and educational attainment and educational level of the parents and the educational level of mothers. The researcher has developed a test took the number of paragraphs (20). A test was true after it has been submitted to the Group of arbitrators. The test was consistent with test method used and the reliability coefficient (0, 88). Either the statistical methods used by the researcher are: Pearson correla
... Show MorePrepared zeolite type A was used for theremoval of cesium ions from aqueous solution. The experimental data were analyzed by Langmuir, Freundlich isotherms. Various parameters, such as contact time, zeolite weight, pH, and initial concentration, were studied. The results indicated that the highest removal efficiency was95.53% at (2h time, 0.04 g weight, and pH=6.8). The results also showed that the Freundlic model fits well with the experimental results and is better than the Langmuir model.
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The researcher was interested in studying a crucial aspect of the systematic world music culture. He highlights the analysis of the harmonic construction in the musical compositions of the artist Khalil Ismail, where harmony is a significant Western musical science, a pillar of the structure of instrumental and vocal music.
It depends on the compositions of vertical sounds performed simultaneously, as tones coincide and are sometimes dissonant to give sound resonance that enriches musical work and attracts recipients. Hence, the researcher has many questions, including: Can the composition of the writings of the artist Khalil Ismail determine in an objective research framework? Is there a study on this subject in some detail? whic