Background: Biologically active substances, such as Cathepsin B (CAB) which is a lysosomalcystein protease may be involved in periodontal metabolism in the degradation of organic bone matrix containing collagen fibers in response to mechanical stress from orthodontic appliance. The aims of study were to determine and compare salivary levels of CAB, pH as well as clinical periodontal parameters (Plaque index PLI and gingival index GI) with different orthodontic force magnitudes at different time intervals. Materials and methods: A twenty-four patients (both gender) with age range (17-23) years had Angle's Class II division 1 malocclusion with GI >0.5 enrolled in this study. The level of salivary CAB and pH, in addition to the clinical periodontal parameters (PLI and GI) were measured before (baseline), 1 hour (1H), 1 day (1D), 1week (1W), 2 weeks (2W) and 3 weeks (3W) after fixed orthodontic appliance placement with different forces applied to the teeth (F1 (40 gm), F2 (60 gm) and F3 (80 gm)). Results: The highest mean concentration of salivary CAB was (12.057) at F1 in 1D visit with highly significant differences among the visits as well as among the forces (p≤0.05). Weak correlations were revealed between all pairs of forces as well as between each visit with the baseline visit about salivary CAB except the strong negative correlations between F1 with F3 at 3W and baseline with 3W visits at F3. Maintenance of good oral hygiene during the study period demonstrated that the highest mean values of PLI and GI were (0.2) and (0.25) respectively, in addition to the non-significant differences regarding pH among the visits. Conclusion: The concentration of salivary CAB was increased following fixed orthodontic appliance insertion. The very light continuous orthodontic force could produce significant increase of this enzyme activity and give enough effectiveness to produce tooth movement as compared to the higher forces.
In this work, monitoring of monthly variation (from May 2016 to October 2016) in the concentration of the metals (Co, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni and Fe) from Al-Diwaniya city of Iraq. Investigation about the pollution with these metals was achieved from five selected sites locate in study area by flame atomic absorption spectroscopy. The results showed a wide variation in the levels of heavy metals from site to site and from month to month. A total of 180 surface soil samples were analyzed to detecting the pollution with selected samples. The resultsshowed that the highest concentration with Ni was 6.290 mg kg-1 while the lowest concentration detected with Ni was 0.080 mg kg-1. The results of pollution index (enrichment factor, contamination factor, po
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Asthma is a disease characterized by hyper reactivity of the trachea and bronchi to reversible either spontaneously or as a result of treatment.
In this study serum magnesium, Zinc, and reduced glutathione levels
were meas ured in order to determine their levels in the asthmatic patients and comparing these levels with healthy controls.
Fifty- four asthmatic patients were enrolled in the study and had their pulmonary function test, and the levels of Mg,Zn
... Show MoreThis study aimed to evaluate serum levels of steroid hormones and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone in preeclamptic Iraqi pregnancies compared to those of healthy pregnancies.This study enrolled 120 pregnant women, divided into four groups:1. 30 healthy pregnant women.2. 37 pregnant women with mild preeclampsia3. 53 pregnant women with severe preeclampsia4. 90 pregnant women with preeclampsia Preeclamptic women and their severe cases but not mild cases had significantly (P<0.01) increased levels of serum hCG as compared with healthy pregnancies. By contrast, sera levels of estradiol were significantly (P<0.01) decreased in total preeclamptic groups and their severe cases but not in mild group as compared to healthy pregnant wome
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In previous our research, the concepts of visible submodules and fully visible modules were introduced, and then these two concepts were fuzzified to fuzzy visible submodules and fully fuzzy. The main goal of this paper is to study the relationships between fully fuzzy visible modules and some types of fuzzy modules such as semiprime, prime, quasi, divisible, F-regular, quasi injective, and duo fuzzy modules, where under certain conditions it has been proven that each fully fuzzy visible module is fuzzy duo. In addition, there are many various properties and important results obtained through this research, which have been illustrated. Also, fuzzy Artinian modules and fuzzy fully stable modules have been introduced, and we study the rel
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This paper deals with novels for group of Iraqi Women novelists published in the time period 2003 – 2013, and the functioning of temporal anomalies in the Iraqi Women's narrative.
In general, the novel contains structural elements such as: the characters, events and the places, these elements must be collected by an artist creating a complete work of fiction. However the time dominates the other elements through progression and regaining called Time paradox, it has a modern critical importance because of its impact in highlighting of political, social and cultural events that make up the fictional environment which cast a shadow over other techniques. And that it is clear in the course of the narrative.
Surveillance cameras are video cameras used for the purpose of observing an area. They are often connected to a recording device or IP network, and may be watched by a security guard or law enforcement officer. In case of location have less percentage of movement (like home courtyard during night); then we need to check whole recorded video to show where and when that motion occur which are wasting in time. So this paper aims at processing the real time video captured by a Webcam to detect motion in the Scene using MATLAB 2012a, with keeping in mind that camera still recorded which means real time detection. The results show accuracy and efficiency in detecting motion
Background: Dental caries is a localized, progressive destructive, largely irreversible microbial based disease of multifactorial nature; these factors include (host, microbes and food) they influence differently on the initiation and progression of dental caries. The aims of the study: was to evaluate the effect of smoking on salivary flow rate, secretory immunoglobulin (SIgA) level and viable count of mutans streptococci (M.S) bacteria in oral cavity and their relation to dental caries experience. Material and method: The samples were collected from 80 male students ranging in ages from 18-22 years old. Where they divided in to two groups, 40 non-smokers (control group) and 40 smokers (study group). Unstimulated salivary samples were c
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ABSTRACT Background: stress is the reactions of the body to forces of a deleterious nature, infections and various abnormal states that tend to disturb its normal physiological equilibrium; It is described as adverse emotions or reactions to unpleasant experiences; Thus, any real or perceived physical, social, or psychological event or stimulus that causes bodies to react or respond have deleterious effects on the general and oral health. The aims of this study were to assess the severity of dental caries among the students with different categories of stressful life events in relation to physicochemical characteristics of whole stimulated saliva. Materials and Methods: the total sample is composed of 300 students (males only) aged 17-18 ye
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