Background: Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide health problem, with adverse outcomes of cardiovascular disease and premature death, can be divided into five stages, depending on how severe the damage is to the kidneys, or the level of decrease in kidney function, the final stage of chronic kidney disease is called end-stage renal disease, salivary immunoglobulin A is the main immunoglobulin found in mucous secretions, including tears, saliva, colostrum and secretions from the genitourinary tract gastrointestinal tract, prostate and respiratory epithelium . It is also found in small amounts in blood.This study aimedto measuresalivary flow rate and salivaryimmunoglobulin Alevels in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis treatment in comparison with healthy control subjects. Materials and Methods: Ninety (90) subjects were participated in this study; 45 Patients undergoing hemodialysis with chronic kidney diseases; 45 health control subjects. Saliva collected was measured and levels of salivary immunoglobulin A were measured by Enzyme Link Immunosorbent Assay (Elisa). Results:The present studyrevealed that the mean value of salivary flow rate in chronic kidney disease patients was (0.34 ± 0.19) ml/min, while for healthy control subjects was (1.02 ± 0.39) ml/min, there wasstatisticallysignificantly decrease in salivary flow rate ofchronic kidney disease on hemodialysis patients as compared to control healthy subjects.The present study revealed that the (Mean±SD) of the immunoglobulin A in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis (388.81±227.86) µg./ml, while in control group (273.98±155.89) µg./ml, the result revealed statistically significant increase in chronic kidney disease patients on hemodialysis as compared to control subjects. Conclusions: Salivary immunoglobulin (IgA) reflects the functional capacity of the glands. Increased concentration of this component is usually marker of a poor general condition.
Trichomonas vaginalis is a causative agent of trichomoniasis , one of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease (STD) over all the world, especially in immunocompromised women such as pregnant. Wet smear and Giemsa stain are the current methods used in hospital to diagnosis trichomoniasis. DNA based diagnosis is still to be validated to diagnose the local isolates, the objective of the present study was to compare the conventional methods of disease diagnosis with the DNA-based method to diagnose Trichomonas incidence in local isolates. In the present study, 105 samples were collected from outpatient women (18-45 years) of Maternity hospital in Mosul who showed a classical presentation of Trichomonas
... Show MoreThe research focuses on the withdrawal of the United States from the nuclear agreement signed between the permanent members of the United Nations Security Council and the Islamic Republic of Iran concerning its nuclear program. This withdrawal has caused disruption in the official media discourse of the concerned countries. Therefore, the main question can be posed: Are there differences in the positions of countries related to the nuclear agreement, as well as those countries affected by it, before and after the official withdrawal of the United States on May 8, 2018?
The research aims to shed light on the trends in media discourse of the countries that signed the nuclear agreement and those affected by it b
Seeds of the two rice genotypes namely Amber 33 (A33) and Amber Baghdad (AB) were divided into two groups; the first was presoaked in different concentrations of ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) as chemical mutagen for different duration times (3, 6 and 12) hrs, and the other was exposed to different exposure times of ultra violate (UV-B) radiation (280-320 nm) as physical mutagen for different times (20, 40 and 60) min at room temperature. Treated and non-treated seeds were transferred into the callus induction medium containing 2.5 mg/L 2,4- dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.5 mg/L benzyl adenine (BA) under aseptic conditions. Calli were divided into two groups the first was treated with several EMS concentrations (0.0, 0.50. 1.0, 1
... Show MoreBackground and aim: Pomegranate is a medicinal herb that can promote healing of periodontal tissue through differentiation of mesenchymal cells both in vivo and in vitro. Therefore, this study is to investigate the effect of oral supplementation of Punicagranatum L. peel extract on bone defect in rabbit. Methods: Forty five male rabbits were divided into 3 groups; group 1; baseline group(5 rabbits) left without bone defect. Group 2; study group (20 rabbits) with bone defect model that received daily 1ml of oral supplementation of pomegranate peel extract (PoPx). Group 3; control group (20 rabbits) with bone defect model that received distilled water. Bone defect was done into facial plate of lower right central incisor. Blood biopsies by
... Show MoreTwo field experiments were conducted at two different texture sites. The first site of the fields of AlMed-hateya Agriculture Division / Babil Governorate. The second site of the fields of Al-Nouriah Research Station / Ministry of Agriculture, the factors of the study in the two sites included several factors. The first factor includes two irrigation systems: sprinkler irrigation and surface irrigation. The second factor is the method of cultivation which includes the method of cultivation with basin and furrowing. The third factor is the type of the cultivated crop which includes a local variety (Fajr 3) and a hybrid variety (Drakma). The actual water consumption for the sprinkler irrigation system reached (587.13 and 637.62) mm season-1 f
... Show MoreThe annual performance of a hybrid system of a flat plate photovoltaic thermal system and a solar thermal collector (PVT/ST) is numerically analyzed from the energy, exergy, and environmental (CO2 reduction) viewpoints. This system can produce electricity and thermal power simultaneously, with higher thermal power and exergy compared to conventional photovoltaic thermal systems. For this purpose, a 3D transient numerical model is developed for investigating the system's performance in four main steps: (1) investigating the effects of the mass flow rate of the working fluid (20 to 50 kg/h) on the temperature behavior and thermodynamic performance of the system, (2) studying the impacts of using glass covers on the different parts of the s
... Show MoreThe aim of this research is to measure and analyze the gap between the actual reality and the requirements of the environmental management system in the middle refineries company/refinery cycle according to ISO14001: 2015, as well as to measure the availability of a clean production strategy and test the relationship and impact between the availability of the requirements of the standard and a clean production strategy for the actual reality in the company.
The research problem was determined by the extent to which the requirements of the environmental management system are applied according to ISO14001: 2015 in the middle refineries company? To what extent are the required clean production strategies ava
... Show MoreThin films of ZnSe arc deposited on glass substrates by thermal evaporation in vacuum with different thickness (1000, 2700, 4000) A° temperature (293-373) °K are studies the electrical properties before and after annealing. The result show decrease D.0 conductivity and increasing the activation energy Eat.