Background: Irrigation of the canal system permits removal of residual tissue in the canal anatomy that cannot be reached by instrumentation of the main canals so the aim of this study was to compare and evaluate the efficiency of conventional irrigation system, endoactivator sonic irrigation system,P5 Newtron Satelec passive ultrasonic irrigation and Endovac irrigation system in removing of dentin debris at three levels of root canals and to compare the percentage of dentin debris among the three levels for each irrigation system. Materials and methods: Forty extracted premolars with approximately straight single root canals were randomly distributed into 4 tested groups of 10 teeth each. All canals were prepared with Protaper Universal hand files to size #F4, and irrigated with 2.5% NaOCI 1 ml between files and 5ml for 60 seconds as a final irrigant by different irrigation devices; group one, by using conventional system; group two, by using Endoactivator sonic irrigation system, group three, by using Satelec Passive Ultrasonic irrigation and group four by using the Endovac system. After the final irrigation, the roots were split longitudinally and photographed with a digital microscope. The roots were magnified to 100X; a percentage of debris was calculated for the apical 0-3, middle 3-6 and coronal 6-9 mm. The debris score was calculated as a percentage of the total area of the canal that contained debris as determined by pixels in Adobe PhotoshopCS5. Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and LSD at 5% significant level. Results: when comparing the debris remaining, the Endovac, Endoactivator and Satelec groups showed significantly less debris than the conventional group at all three levels (p < 0.01). The Endovac group showed significantly less debris than the Endoactivator group at middle and coronal levels while no significant difference found between the Endovac system and Endoactivator system at apical level. The apical 0-3 mm showed significantly more debris than both the middle and coronal level for all groups. Conclusion: The EndoVac system showed a higher cleaning capacity of the canal at all levels, followed by the protocols that used Endoactivator sonic irrigation system. The conventional irrigation system with maxi-i-probe needles showed inferior results. The apical three millimeters showed a greater amount of debris than the 3-9 millimetres from the working length, regardless of the irrigation device used.
The beginning of COVID-19 in Wuhan, China in late December 2019 and its worldwide transmission has led the World Health Organization to formally address the pandemic. The pandemic has imposed influential impacts on different environmental, economic, social, health, and living aspects. Publishing in scholastic journals was not immune from these impacts.
This study confirms the ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 2B (Rad6) plays a significant role in the DNA repair pathway also because the ubiquitin-conjugating pathway. The DNA repair pathway could be a variety of bypass repair mechanism where the broken base pair is bypassed by permitting the replication fork to labor under the site of injury. This is often done by a shift mechanism wherever deoxyribonucleic acid enzyme - δ is switched with DNA enzyme - η (DNAP - η). Site of DNAP - η is massive enough to permit the broken ester to labor under, and so bypass the broken nucleotide. However, this is often potential solely through the involvement of Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) that could be a processivity issue and it acts as a plat
... Show MoreThe latest events in Iraq and notably the fall of Mosul in the summer of 2014 have marked a turning point in The modern history of Iraq. Violent terrorist groups have overrun a vast area comprising of many towns in mid and northern Iraq causing many casualties and mass migration. Despite Iraq’s long history of pain and suffering the events of the second half of the year 2014 have been the most violent ever witnessed. From this point of view the researcher has tried to identify specifically in this time and place the effect these events have had on the Iraqi artist and to understand how the Iraqi artists depicted this violence in their works of art. The research comprises four parts; the first looked at the language used and the and pro
... Show MoreBackground and objective: Viral Hepatitis Type B&C is serious public health challenge throughout the world.Hepatitis B and C viruses still remain to be the major causes of chronic hepatitis.It is estimated that around 350-400 million people in the world are chronic carriers of HBV, which represents approximately 7% of the total populationwhereas infection with HCV is found in approximately 3% of the world population, which represents 160 million people. Hepatitis B infection has a wide range of seroprevalence in the Mediterranean countries ranging from intermediate (=>2% ) to high prevalence ( =>7%). World Health Organization estimated a prevalence rate for HCV infection of about 4.6% in Eastern Mediterranean in 1999. During the eightieths
... Show MoreOsmotin and osmotin-like proteins belong to the PR-5 pathogenesis-related group of proteins and are induced in response to various types of biotic and abiotic stresses in several plant species. Carrot was transformed with a tobacco osmotin gene that encodes a protein lacking the vacuolar-sorting motif that is composed of a 20-amino-acid sequence at the C-terminal end, under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter, using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgene integration and expression were confirmed by Southern and western blot analyses, and three selected transgenic lines were evaluated for their ability to tolerate drought stress. Under drought stress conditions, all transformants exhibited slower rates of wilti
... Show MoreIn recent years, the field of research around the congestion problem of 4G and 5G networks has grown, especially those based on artificial intelligence (AI). Although 4G with LTE is seen as a mature technology, there is a continuous improvement in the infrastructure that led to the emergence of 5G networks. As a result of the large services provided in industries, Internet of Things (IoT) applications and smart cities, which have a large amount of exchanged data, a large number of connected devices per area, and high data rates, have brought their own problems and challenges, especially the problem of congestion. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) models can be considered as one of the main techniques that can be used to solve ne
... Show MoreIntrusion detection system is an imperative role in increasing security and decreasing the harm of the computer security system and information system when using of network. It observes different events in a network or system to decide occurring an intrusion or not and it is used to make strategic decision, security purposes and analyzing directions. This paper describes host based intrusion detection system architecture for DDoS attack, which intelligently detects the intrusion periodically and dynamically by evaluating the intruder group respective to the present node with its neighbors. We analyze a dependable dataset named CICIDS 2017 that contains benign and DDoS attack network flows, which meets certifiable criteria and is ope
... Show MoreTaking into account the significance of food chains in the environment, it demonstrates the interdependence of all living things and has economic implications for people. Hunting cooperation, fear, and intraspecific competition are all included in a food chain model that has been developed and researched. The study tries to comprehend how these elements affect the behavior of species along the food chain. We first examined the suggested model's solution properties before calculating every potential equilibrium point and examining the stability and bifurcation nearby. We have identified the factors that guarantee the global stability of the positive equilibrium point using the geometric approach. Additionally, the circumstances that would gu
... Show MoreObjective (s): To determine proportion of anemia among sample of Pregnant women. To identify factors
associated with the anemia (Maternal age, maternal education, gestational age, parity, gravidity, birth
interval, smoking, taking iron supplements and dietary habits).
Methodology: A cross-sectional study conducted at Al- washash & Bab-almoadham primary health care
centers. The sample was selected by (non-probability convenient sampling) and sample size was (550).
The study started from 1st March 2011 to 30th of March 2012. The data was collected by direct interview
using special questionnaire to obtained socio-demographic information.
Results: the result shows that mean age of the subjects was 26.5± 7.5 years, 8