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Salivary level of RANKL and OPG in chronic periodontitis

Background: Periodontal diseases are initiated by microbial plaque, which accumulates in the sulcular region and induces an inflammatory response. The Receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand / osteoprotegerin (RANKL/OPG) axis is involved in the regulation of bone metabolism in periodontitis, in which an increase in receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand or a decrease in osteoprotegerin can tip the balance in favor of osteoclastogenesis and the resorption of alveolar bone that is the hallmark of periodontitis. This study was performed to investigate the role of salivary levels of RANKL and OPG in pathogenesis of chronic periodontitis. Subjects and Methods: Fifty five subjects with chronic periodontitis with ages range from 24-64 years and 25 apparently healthy volunteers their ages and sexes were matched with the patients were participated in this study. Periodontal parameters used in this study were plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, clinical attachment level and bleeding on probing. Saliva samples were collected from all patients and controls. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was carried out for estimation the salivary level of RANKL and OPG in studied groups. Results: The present data revealed that the median salivary levels of RANKL was elevated in patient as compared with control group (P<0.001), whereas the salivary levels of OPG doesn’t show any significant differences between the study groups (p>0.05). In contrast the ratio of RANKL/OPG ratio was significantly higher in patients when compared with the ratio in control group. Furthermore, negative significant correlation was noticed between RANKL and OPG. Regarding correlation between salivary (RANKL and OPG) and clinical periodontal parameters, RANKL levels was showed significant positive correlation with each of probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. Otherwise no association between OPG levels and clinical parameters of periodontitis was found. Moreover; the ratio RANKL/OPG was showed significant positive correlation with each of gingival index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that salivary levels of RANKL and OPG play a crucial role in pathogenesis of periodontitis, and the relative RANKL/ OPG ratio appears to be indicative of disease occurrence. Keywords: chronic periodontitis, RANKL, OPG.

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Publication Date
Mon Jan 01 2018
Journal Name
Indian Journal Of Public Health Research &amp; Development
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Publication Date
Tue Mar 28 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Synthesis, Characterization, and Antimicrobial Evaluation of New Ceftriaxone Derivatives

The present study was designed to synthesize a number of new Ceftriaxone derivatives by its involvement with a series of different amines, through the chemical derivatization of its 2-aminothiazolyl- group into an amide with chloroacetyl chloride, which on further conjugation with these selected amines will produce compounds with pharmacological effects that may extend the antimicrobial activity of the parent compound depending on the nature of these moieties.

Ceftriaxone was first equipped with a spacer arm (linker) by the action of chloroacetyl chloride in aqueous medium and then further reacted with seven different aliphatic and aromatic amines which resulted in the production of the aimed final target products. The syntheses

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 01 2023
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Total Global Dominator Coloring of Trees and Unicyclic Graphs

          A total global dominator coloring of a graph  is a proper vertex coloring of  with respect to which every vertex  in  dominates a color class, not containing  and does not dominate another color class. The minimum number of colors required in such a coloring of  is called the total global dominator chromatic number, denoted by . In this paper, the total global dominator chromatic number of trees and unicyclic graphs are explored.

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Publication Date
Fri Feb 04 2022
Journal Name
Neuroquantology
Electrical and Structural Properties of CuBa2LaCa2Cu4O11+δ Superconducting System

In this work, the superconducting CuBa2LaCa2Cu4O11+δ compound was prepared by citrate precursor method and the electrical and structural properties were studied. The electrical resistivity has been measured using four probe test to find the critical temperature Tc(offset) and Tc(onset). It was found that Tc (offset) at zero resistivity has 101 K and Tc (onset) has 116 K. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis exhibited that a prepared compound has a tetragonal structure. The crystal size and microscopic strain due to lattice deformation of CuBa2LaCa2Cu4O11+δ were estimated by four methods, namely Scherer(S), Halder-Wagner(H-W), size-strain plot (SSP) and Williamson-Hall, (W-H) methods. Results of crystal sizes obtained by these meth

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 28 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Extended Eigenvalues and Eigenoperators of Some Weighted Shift Operators

     A complex number  is called an extended eigenvalue for an operator  on a Hilbert space H if there exists a nonzero operator  such that: such  is called an extended eigenoperator corresponding to. The goal of this paper is to calculate extended eigenvalues and extended eigenoperators for the weighted unilateral (Forward   and Backward) shift operators. We also find an extended eigenvalues for weighted bilateral shift operator. Moreover, the closedness of extended eigenvalues for the weighted unilateral (Forward and Backward) shift operators under multiplication is proven.

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 04 2021
Journal Name
Palarch’s Journal Of Archaeology Of Egypt
GEORGE MASON AND THE VIRGINIA BILL OF RIGHTS 1776

After the persistence of the British policy of oppression and control over the American colonies and the attempts to obliterate the identity of their inhabitants, the colonies worked on moving forward towards achieving independence, and Virginia was the first to initiate the development of the new government frameworks, through George Mason in drafting the Virginia Bill of Rights in 1776, which expressed the philosophy of the era Enlightenment and independent revolutionary thought, which called for equality and natural rights for individuals and the need for a free popular government that works for the common good.

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 30 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Methodologies, Requirements, and Challenges of Cybersecurity Frameworks: A Review

     As a result of the emergence of new business paradigms and the development of the digital economy, the interaction between operations, services, things, and software across numerous fields and communities may now be processed through value chain networks. Despite the integration of all data networks, computing models, and distributed software that provides a broader cloud computing solution, the security solution is missing or inadequate, and more work is required to strengthen security requirements such as mutual entity trustworthiness, access controls, identity management, and data protection, all aspects of detecting and preventing attacks or threats. In order to combat cybersecurity threats, various international organizatio

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Publication Date
Mon May 15 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Isolation, identification and treatment of Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis

Out of Hundred clinical samples, taken from different sources include burn, blood , wound and nasal swabs infections ; 90 isolates developed growth on mannitol salt agar. Among these, 40 (44.4%) were Coagulase positive (Staphylococcus aureus) isolates and 50 (55.5%)belong to coagulase negative staphylococci, in which the last Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates were 30(60%).Antibiotic susceptibility of Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates to 12 antibiotics were determined using disc diffusion method . The results revealed that high resistance to Penecillin G10 and Amoxiclav (Amoxicillin- clavulanic acid) ( 100%) and the high sensitivity to Imipenim (95%). The pattern of minimum inhibitory concentration of S.epidermidis isolates to vancomy

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 01 2018
Journal Name
International Journal Of Geotechnical Earthquake Engineering
Impact Induced Responses of Saturated and Dry Dense Sand

The present article includes an experimental study of the behavior of dry and saturated dense sandy soil under the action of a single impulsive load. Dry and saturated dense sand models were tested under impact loads. Different falling masses from different heights were conducted using the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) to provide the single pulse energy. The responses of dense soils were evaluated at surface of soil under impact load. These responses include; displacements, velocities, and accelerations that are developed due to the impact acting at top and the displacement at different depths within the soil using the falling weight deflectometer (FWD) and accelerometers (ARH-500A waterproof, and low capacity acceleration tran

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Publication Date
Fri Oct 25 2013
Journal Name
International Endodontic Journal
Fabrication and characterization of polymer composites for endodontic use

Aim To develop a low-density polyethylene–hydroxyapatite (HA-PE) composite with properties tailored to function as a potential root canal filling material. Methodology Hydroxyapatite and polyethylene mixed with strontium oxide as a radiopacifier were extruded from a single screw extruder fitted with an appropriate die to form fibres. The composition of the composite was optimized with clinical handling and placement in the canal being the prime consideration. The fibres were characterized using infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and their thermal properties determined using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the composite fibres and gutta-percha were compared, dry and after 1 month storage in

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