Background: One common undesirable side effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is the development of incipient caries lesions around brackets, particularly in patients with poor oral hygiene. Different methods have been used to prevent demineralization; the recent effort to improve the resistance against the demineralization is by the application of lasers. Materials and method: Thirty human premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were used to test the effect of two energy level of ER-YAG laser on enamel resistance to demineralization. The brackets were bonded on the teeth and all the labial surface excluding 2 mm area gingival to the brackets were painted with acid resistance varnish. Three groups were generated. The first group was the control group (A), with no treatment was performed. In group II (B)and groups III (C); teeth were irradiated by ER-YAG laser of 200, 60 mj energy respectively. All the teeth were individually subjected to acid challenge cycle for 30 days. After debonding longitudinal sections were taken and examined under stereomicroscope. The enamel demineralization evaluation was done by taking the average of three depths at the centre of the artificial lesion. Also the enamel surface was classified by an experienced investigator according to acid etch pattern. Comparisons of the average depth values of the groups were performed with ANOVA and LSD tests. The statistical significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The results revealed that average lesion depth was significantly deeper at the control group than the laser groups, and its significantly deeper in group (B) 200 mj than in group (C) 60 mj, enamel surfaces showed deeper pits and craters than in control group. Conclusions: the decrease in artificial caries lesion depth associated with use of the two laser energy level support the ER-YAG laser as a tool to increase enamel resistance to demineralization and white spot lesion prevention. Key words: Demineralization, ER-YAG, laser.
Purpose: The diagnosis and determine the level of balance between the time available for life and work with the doctors in the hospitals of t the six hospitals in the City of Medicine.
Design / methodology / Approach: It has been relying on ready-scale, to make sure the diagnosis and determine the level of balance between the time available for life and work, where they were distributed on Form 42 doctors in the six hospitals in the City of Medicine, were analyzed by software (Nvivo and SPSS v.22).
Results: The results showed that there is a good level of balance between the time available for life and work with the doctors.
Research limitations: The diffi
... Show MoreThe research aims at identifying the importance of scientific research for researchers and in creating new knowledge، development and utilization of mental and cognitive energies and developed them with the ability to research، extrapolation، meditation and then conclusion. The information was collected by interviewing the Secretary-General of the Central Library and by distributing questionnaire forms to the (33) teaching staff of the College of Higher Education. The responses of the society were analyzed the result and the recommendations were the most important 1. Information specialist and all employees of the administrators and technicians in the centers of information sources (libraries) and in the field are considered scientific r
... Show MoreThe aim of this work is oriented to increase film cooling effectiveness value through numerical investigations for flow of Mach number not more than 0.3 around vane surface, to find the effects of inclination and compounds angles of round holes in staggered rows on adiabatic film cooling effectiveness of vane suction side. Multi cylindrical film cooling hole cases were studied with pitch ratio P/d =2 and 3, local blowing ratios M=0.382, 0.77 and 1.14, inclination angles a=30° and 45°, compound angles β= 0°, 15°, 30° and 45° and local momentum ratios I= 0.084, 0.34 and 0.756 for better cooling process.
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... Show MoreThe aim of this study is to provide an overview of various models to study drug diffusion for a sustained period into and within the human body. Emphasized the mathematical compartment models using fractional derivative (Caputo model) approach to investigate the change in sustained drug concentration in different compartments of the human body system through the oral route or the intravenous route. Law of mass action, first-order kinetics, and Fick's perfusion principle were used to develop mathematical compartment models representing sustained drug diffusion throughout the human body. To adequately predict the sustained drug diffusion into various compartments of the human body, consider fractional derivative (Caputo model) to investiga
... Show MoreProcessed and red The Western diet, a modern dietary pattern, typically consists of meat, sugar-filled beverages, candies, chocolates, fried foods, prefabricated meals, refined cereals, conventionally produced animal products, high-fat dairy products, and high-fructose items. The goal of this review is to outline how the Western pattern diet affects gut microbiota and mitochondrial fitness, as well as metabolism, inflammation, and antioxidant status. Cancer, mental health, and cardiovascular health; We offer a thorough analysis of how the westernized diet and related nutrients affect immune cell responses as well as the hygienic costs of the Western diet. A consensus critical evaluation utilizing primary sources, including scientifi
... Show MoreStylistics is the analysis of the language of literary texts integrated within various approaches to create a framework of different devices that describe and distinct a particular work. Therefore, feminist stylistics relied on theories of feminist criticism tries to present a counter- image of a woman both in language use and society, to draw attention , raise awareness and change ways that gender represents. Feminist stylistic analysis is related not only to describe sexism in a text, but also to analyze the way that point of view, agency, metaphor, and transitivity choices are unanticipatedly and carefully connected to issues of gender(Mills,1995:1) &nb
... Show MoreIs the efficiency of physical and your endurance is of great importance for some activities and field, as it whenever the situation has improved student career was able to perform physical exertion more with energy saving efforts, so the identification of physical aptitude and endurance private students, was based on that there are positively correlated the carrying of training and pregnancy fact on the shoulders of the student. In other words, physical aptitude and endurance in your control level that can be shown by the student during the performance of training and competitions. Therefore, lies the importance of research to test physical aptitude and endurance your help to reveal the career of the body in the light of their relationship
... Show MoreThe aim of the current research is to identify the impact of the SWOT strategy on developing systemic intelligence among students of the Ibn Rushd College of Education for Human Sciences University of Baghdad / College of Education Ibn Rushd for Human Sciences. The current research community consists of (8590) male and female students, divided into (7) departments. The current research relied on one of the partial control designs, which is the design of non-random groups: experimental group and a control group with a pre and post-test. As for the research tool, It was represented by Tourmanin’s Systemic Intelligence Scale (2012) of (50) items that measure the eight components of systemic intelligence. The results of the Mann Whitney te
... Show MoreIn this thesis, we study the topological structure in graph theory and various related results. Chapter one, contains fundamental concept of topology and basic definitions about near open sets and give an account of uncertainty rough sets theories also, we introduce the concepts of graph theory. Chapter two, deals with main concepts concerning topological structures using mixed degree systems in graph theory, which is M-space by using the mixed degree systems. In addition, the m-derived graphs, m-open graphs, m-closed graphs, m-interior operators, m-closure operators and M-subspace are defined and studied. In chapter three we study supra-approximation spaces using mixed degree systems and primary object in this chapter are two topological
... Show MoreThe research included the introduction to the research and its importance as knee joint is an important joint in the human body that is prone to injury. One such injury is knee roughness injury that occurs as a result of the stress of the knee joint and age. The importance of examining the need for the use of rehabilitation exercises, especially in the watercourse system, is highlighted by the fact that the aquatic environment is one of the most important factors helping to alleviate pain and rehabilitate the knee joint and thereby improve the mobility of those with knee roughness. The problem of research is that rehabilitation exercises have been developed in the watercourse system on the basis of scientific bases with a repetitive and sys
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