Background: One common undesirable side effect of orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances is the development of incipient caries lesions around brackets, particularly in patients with poor oral hygiene. Different methods have been used to prevent demineralization; the recent effort to improve the resistance against the demineralization is by the application of lasers. Materials and method: Thirty human premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were used to test the effect of two energy level of ER-YAG laser on enamel resistance to demineralization. The brackets were bonded on the teeth and all the labial surface excluding 2 mm area gingival to the brackets were painted with acid resistance varnish. Three groups were generated. The first group was the control group (A), with no treatment was performed. In group II (B)and groups III (C); teeth were irradiated by ER-YAG laser of 200, 60 mj energy respectively. All the teeth were individually subjected to acid challenge cycle for 30 days. After debonding longitudinal sections were taken and examined under stereomicroscope. The enamel demineralization evaluation was done by taking the average of three depths at the centre of the artificial lesion. Also the enamel surface was classified by an experienced investigator according to acid etch pattern. Comparisons of the average depth values of the groups were performed with ANOVA and LSD tests. The statistical significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The results revealed that average lesion depth was significantly deeper at the control group than the laser groups, and its significantly deeper in group (B) 200 mj than in group (C) 60 mj, enamel surfaces showed deeper pits and craters than in control group. Conclusions: the decrease in artificial caries lesion depth associated with use of the two laser energy level support the ER-YAG laser as a tool to increase enamel resistance to demineralization and white spot lesion prevention. Key words: Demineralization, ER-YAG, laser.
The study highlighted the transformation of value systems and educational patterns between past and present, especially with the introduction of modern variables and means, such as mobile phones, the internet, social media, and others. These factors have contributed both positively and negatively to the study. The study highlights the integral role of the school in collaboration with the family in guiding and educating children. It also emphasizes the active role of the school in developing students' abilities and skills, either attracting them to school or vice versa. This includes an examination of the essential skills required in education and their role in achieving a state of psychological well-being and systematically developing child
... Show MorePreparing teacher occupies the attention of many thinkers and philosophers since the age of
kaldinics ( people of mesoptam / 2342 pH ) to the Islamic age where moslems philosophers
focus their attention on thought and philosophy where the philosophy of that teaching
depends on : teacher , student and family begin .
So , the issue of preparing and training teacher occupies the attention of education scientists
depending on his vital and important role in implementing of teaching policies in philosophies
and Islamic educational thought , therefore , the preparing and development of the teacher
regards as one of the basics of teaching development because of its importance in
development of teaching performance and th
The research study includes shedding light on the sas dance in Iraq, as it is one of the popular legacies that are rich in the Mesopotamian civilization and because of the different practices it has in the different occasions on which these dances are held. Which is one of the kinetic arts widespread among the classes of Iraqi society. The researcher explained its features and artistic content that characterizes Iraqi music. The (methodological framework) reviewed the justification, importance and purpose of the research, and the limits of the research that included the (National Troupe of Folk Art) as a human limit to discover the artistic methods of the Sas dance and then define the terms of the search. The "theoretical framework" cont
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Background: Passive smoking and dental caries affect the integrity of the health of individuals and both of them affected by sociodemographic characteristics of those individuals. This research aimed to investigate the severity of dental caries in relation to salivary magnesium and zinc of stimulated whole saliva of a group of 10 years passive smokers in comparison with normal subjects. Materials and methods: the study group included 40 subjects (20boys and 20 girls), with an age of 10 years of passive smokers determined by a questionnaire. The control group included 40 normal subjects of the same gender and age of the study group. The diagnosis and recording of dental caries was measured by (D1-4MFS & d1-4mfs) index according to the criter
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The current phase distinguish by the rapid scientific development, which pushes individuals to have the necessities of scientific and practical life through the proper scientific thinking which contribute to the development of invention and creativity away from memorizing and indoctrination and encouraging individuals to looking for information and then attempting to process and develop these information instead of being a passive receiver. The investment of minds becomes the logical investment in all societies by preparing the citizen to become able to face life changes and its necessities. It is very important to take care of individuals and develop their mental abilities and thinking skills. The constructive strateg
... Show MoreThe aim of this study to identify patterns of cerebral control (right and left) for second grade students in the collage of physical education and sports science of the University of Baghdad, as well as identify the definition of theThe Effect of Using the Bybee Strategy(5ES) according to Brain Control Patterns in Learning a Kinetic Series on Floor exercises in Artistic Gymnastics for menمجلة الرياضة المعاصرةالمجلد 19 العدد 1 عام 2020effect using the (Bybee) strategy (5ES) according to brain control patterns inlearning a Kinetic series on floor exercises In artistic gymnastics for men, andidentify the best combination between the four research groups learn, use Finderexperimental method research sample consi
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we studied the effect of low level laser therapy (LLLT) using diode laser with wavelength of (790-805) nm in promotion and enhancement of wound healing of episiotomy and to evaluate the analgesic effect of LLLT in reducing the pain sensation caused by the episiotomy wounds. Nineteen women with episiotomy wound were selected and divided into three groups; 1st group (group No.1: control group) given antibiotics without laser therapy, in the 2nd group (group No.2) the wounds were exposed to laser therapy (4 sessions, each session with energy density of 19.90 J /cm2 every other day ) and systemic antibiotics were prescribed for 1 week. In the 3rd group (group No.3) the wounds were exposed to laser therapy (4 sessions, the same as in the 2nd
... Show MoreThis study identified intellectual and applied research in key variables (Strategic Control and Strategic Pitfalls) through internal dimensions then founded the (Federal Board of Supreme Audit) is the good area for analyzing the relationship and effect between variables by (125) questionnaire selected from (148) was distributed to the top and middle management as a seniors in controlling action. Appropriate methods, statistical tools, and programs were used to enhance the basic outputs, represented as a set of Conclusions and recommendations from the real control work with a specificity of potential Pitfalls in the effectiveness impact by Strategic Control in other dimensions which Studied.
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The social networking sites have become one of the most important promotional instruments for their characteristic of facilitation of communication and the creation of public platform for discussion and formation of new points of view. These sites were used in the political marketing process where politicians use Facebook pages to promote their ideologies and spread their programs for the purpose of an influencing public opinion.
This research deals with the way by which political products are the Iraqi parliament. We adopt the methodology for analyzing the contents of these pages during three months starting from September,12 2016 to March 1, 2017 characterized by a lot of changes and events, in particular the beginning of the war o