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Evaluation of shear bond strength of zirconia to tooth structure after different zirconia surface treatment techniques
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Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of zirconia different surface treatments (primer, sandblast with 50μmAl2O3, Er,Cr:YSGG laser) on shear bond strength between zirconia surface and resin cement. Material and methods: Sixty presintered Y-TZP zirconia cylinder specimens (IPS e.max ZirCAD, Ivoclar vivadent) will be fabricated and sintered in high temperature furnace of (1500 C for 8 hours) according to manufacturer’s instructions to the selected size and shape of (5mm. in diameter and 6mm in height). All specimens were ground flat using 600.800.1000.1200, aluminum oxide abrasive paper to obtain a standardized surface roughness. Surface roughness values were then recorded in µm using surface roughness tester (profilometer) to obtain a standardized data base line for all samples. The specimens were then randomly divided into three main groups (n=20); group A: no surface treatment (control group), group B: specimens in this group treated with 50μm Al2O3 and group C: specimens in this group treated with Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Sixty sound human premolars were used in this study, after construction of acrylic blocks, the occlusal surface of the teeth were ground flat, with diamond cutting disk to obtain a flat dentine surface . Prior to cementation of zirconia cylinders to tooth specimens subgroups (A1,B1,C1) will receive a coat of metal/zirconia primer and left to react for three minutes, while the subgroups (A2,B2,C2) were left undisturbed. Bonding surface of zirconia cylinder was then luted with SpeedCEM self adhesive resin cement under a static load of 2Kg. placed on the vertical arm of the surveyor and allowed to auto cure for 4minutes.The final cemented specimens were then stored in distilled water at room temperature for 24hours. All specimens were subjected to shear loading force in a universal testing machine at crosshead speed of 1mm/min. The shear bond strength values were analyzed statistically with one-way ANOVA; the fractured surfaces of zirconia cylinders were examined with a stereo-microscope to observe the failure mode. Results: The air borne-particle of 50μm followed by primer application showed significantly the higher bond strength than other groups. Conclusion : Within the limitation of this study, the results showed that sandblasting the bonding surface of zirconium cylinders with 50μmAl2O3 produced the highest values of shear bond strength , also the use of primer enhanced shear bond strength as well. Keyword: zirconia surface treatments, shear bond strength.

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 01 2023
Journal Name
Innovative Food Science & Emerging Technologies
Non-thermal pasteurization of milk by an innovative energy-saving moderate electrical field equipped with elongated electrodes and process optimization
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Publication Date
Sun Dec 29 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Water quality assessment of Rawanduz River and Gali Ali Beg stream by applied CCME WQI with survey aquatic insects (Ephemeroptera)
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The population of Ephemeroptera was studied in three selected stations of Rawanduz River (Gali Ali Beg water fall, Rawanduz River and after the junction of these two waters) during the three seasons of spring, summer and autumn in 2016. In addition,sixteen physicochemical parameters (pH, EC, turbidity, DO, BOD5, NO3, TDN, TDP, HCO3-, Hardness, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, Cl-, SO42-, Na% and SAR) of water in these stations were estimated and used to calculate the Canadian Council of Ministers of the Environment Water Quality Index (CCME WQI). Eleven species of aquatic insects were identified,which belong to four families of th

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2022
Journal Name
Environmental Technology & Innovation
Photo-Fenton-like degradation of direct blue 15 using fixed bed reactor containing bimetallic nanoparticles: Effects and Box–Behnken optimization
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This study involved the treatment of textile wastewater contaminated with direct blue 15 dye (DB15) using a heterogeneous photo-Fenton-like process. Bimetallic iron/copper nanoparticles loaded on bentonite clay were used as heterogeneous catalysts and prepared via liquid-phase reduction method using eucalyptus leaves extract (E-Fe/Cu@BNPs). Characterization methods were applied to resultant particles (NPs), including SEM, BET, and FTIR techniques. The prepared NPs were found with porous and spherical shapes with a specific surface area of particles was 28.589 m2/g. The effect of main parameters on the photo-Fenton-like degradation of DB15 was investigated through batch and continuous fixed-bed systems. In batch mode, pH, H2O2 dosage, DB15 c

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 06 2015
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
A Qualitative Study of Epiphytic Algae (Diatom) on Some Aquatic Plants in Al-Auda Marshes Within Maysan Province / Southern Iraq
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The study conducted on the compositions of epiphytic diatoms on three taxa of aquatic plants were selected (Phragmites australis Trin ex stand , Ceratophyllum demersum L. and Typha domengensis Pers) in three sites within Al-Auda Marsh, from autumn 2013 to summer 2014 . The study was measured physical and chemical factors of all the study sites, such as: air temperature, power of hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), salinity (S‰), total hardness(TH), dissolved oxygen (DO), and plant nutrient. The results showed that water of marsh was oxygenated and it was very hard. A total of 111 taxa of phytoplankton were identified, which belonged to 13 families and 26 genus (one family and two genus of centric diatoms, 12 families and 26 ge

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 07 2008
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The antiviral activity of the compound chalcone (4-ethoxy-2-hydroxy-4, 6-dimethoxy-chalcone) against rubella virus in vitro
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The studies on the antiviral compound chalcone in vitro in both tissue and organ culture systems against rubella virus glass that this compound relatively non toxic to the cell culture and organ culture of the concentration of 8 ug/ml or less, chalcone have significantly antiviral activity against rubella virus in tissue culture and organ culture. We find that a concentration of 0.03ug/ml or more inhibit the IOOTCID50 of rubella virus. The therapeutic index (TI) used in this study to evaluate the drug, the (TI) which is the ratio of the dose of drug which is just toxic (Maximum tolerated dose) to the dose which is just effective (Minimum effective dose). If this index is one or less it not possible to use the drug under the conditions outli

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Calculate the sum of squares for parts (vehicles) SSE in 2n global trials with total integration In a suggested manne
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In order to serve the field of knowledge in the field of design and analysis of experiments by adopting formulas and methods that are easy and simple in arithmetic work, especially in experiments that require many calculations for squares, including tests of type
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Publication Date
Sat Jun 30 2018
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
What he finishes and what he does not leave Between Sibawayh and the cooler A descriptive study of their methodologies
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It was rumored in the grammatical circles that the (short) refrigerant is only a copy of (book) Sibweh, except some of the views that violated it, or some of the evidence that increased it; On the (brief) or not, the researcher has chosen the subject (what is going away and not leave) a field of study of the budget, has come on three demands, the first devoted to the study of the term, and the second to explain the methodology of scientists in the presentation of the topic, and the third was limited to the study of the evidence they invoked .
God grants success

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 01 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Ag-ZnO Nanocomposite Using Aloe-vera, Hibiscus Sabdariffa Plants and Their Antibacterial and Anti-fungi Activities
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The current study used extracts from the aloe vera (AV) plant and the hibiscus sabdariffa flower to make Ag-ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) and Ag-ZnO nanocomposites (NCs). Ag/ZnO NCs were compared to Ag NPs and ZnO NPs. They exhibited unique properties against bacteria and fungi that aren't present in either of the individual parts. The Ag-ZnO NCs from AV showed the best performance against E. coli, with an inhibition zone of up to 27 mm, compared to the other samples. The maximum absorbance peaks were observed at 431 nm and 410 nm for Ag NPs, at 374 nm and 377 nm for ZnO NPs and at 384 nm and 391 nm for Ag-ZnO NCs using AV leaf extract and hibiscus sabdariffa flower extract, respectively. Using field emission-scanning electron microscopes (FE-

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Publication Date
Thu Jan 13 2022
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Synthesis and Characterization of New Polyesters Derived From 4, 4'-Azodibenzoic Acid, Malic Acid and Adipic Acid With Aromatic Diols
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A series of new aromatic polyesters have been synthesized by polycondensation of different aromatic diols (M1, M2 ,M3) with different dicarboxlic acids (4,4'azo di benzoic acid, malic acid and adipic acid) using dibutyltine dilaurate as catalyst . The preparation of thermally stable polyesters was successfully applied with good yields (60-85%). All polyesters (PE1-PE4) containing aliphatic methylene linkage, and azo group in the main chain. The resulted polymers are readily soluble in aprotic polar solvents , such as (pyridine , CHCl3 , CH2Cl2 , NaOH , H2SO4 , HNO3 , acetone , benzene , DMF , DMSO , THF) without need for heating. Thermal analysis of polyesters by Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA) reveals that these aromatic polyesters po

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The impact of the strategic foresight capabilities in green creativity An exploratory study for the State Company for Food Products
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The current research variables have received increasing attention in the recent period because they are one of the important issues affecting the future of organizations, as a result of the speed of environmental variables that have greatly affected organizations and for the purpose of explaining the relationships and links between research variables, as this research presents a test "the type and direction of the relationship between strategic foresight capabilities As an independent variable and green creativity "as a respondent variable. A set of questions has arisen about the basic research problem, including what is the nature and level of interest in the research variables (strategic foresight capabilities an

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