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The effect of addition nano particle ZrO2 on some properties of autoclave processed heat cure acrylic denture base material

Background: Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is used in denture fabrication and considered as the most reliable material for the construction of removable prosthodontic appliances. The material is far from ideal in fulfilling the mechanical requirements and the effect of autoclave processing has not been fully determined. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of addition of salinized (ZrO2) Nano fillers in percentages 3%, 5% and 7% by weight on some properties of heat cured acrylic processed the by autoclave and compare it with 0% (control) group . Materials and methods: The silanized(ZrO2) Nano-particles was added to PMMA powder by weight in three different percentages 3%, 5% and 7%, mixed by probe ultra-sonication machine.Two hundred specimens were constructed and processed by autoclave and divided into 5 groups according to the test (each group consist of 40 specimens ) and each group was subdivided into 4 sub-groups according to the percentage of added (ZrO2) nano-particles( with 10 specimens for each subgroups) . The tests conducted were transverse strength, hardness (shore D), Impact strength test, surface morphology and apparent porosity. AFM can provide 3D image of the specimen the homogeneity of nanostructure film, roughness of surface and crystallite size. Scanning electron microscope SEM of control and salinized Nano ZrO2 reveal the Nano fillers distribution and it is shaped. Results: Highly significant increase in impact strength recorded when acrylic (vertex) mixed with 3%, 5% ZrO2 nano filler, while a non-significant reduction was observed with 7% ZrO2 addition in comparison to control. Non-significant improvement in transverse strength when 3% ZrO2 was added, 5% nano addition ZrO2 improved transverse strength significantly while 7% nano addition showed anon significant reduce when these groups compared to the control group .Anon significant reduction in the deformity was seen within 3% nano addition ZrO2 also 5% nano ZrO2 addition reduce the deformity significantly and significant increase was recorded when 7% nano addition ZrO2 was add and when these groups are compared to the control group. A significant increase in surface hardness was observed with the addition of (ZrO2) nano-particles to (PMMA) at the percentage of 3%, highly significant increase at 5% and 7% with addition of modified nano-ZrO2. A non-significant decrease in apparent porosity at 3% and highly significant decrease in apparent porosity at 5% and 7% with addition of modified nano-ZrO2 were observed. SEM results showed a good distribution of the modified nano-ZrO2 fillers at 3%, 5% and showed aggregation at 7% in the polymer matrix. Conclusion: The addition of modified nano-ZrO2 particles to acrylic resin cured by autoclave improved impact and transverse strength of denture base nano composite containing 5% of nano-ZrO2. And this strength decreases with further increase of nano-ZrO2 filler content. Also addition of modified nano-ZrO2 slightly increaseshardness, thesurface roughness and the apparent porosity also decrease by addition of nano ZrO2 percentage increase. Key words: Salinized (ZrO2) nano fillers, PMMA.

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 09 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Screening Program for Idiopathic Scoliosis by Adam's Bending Forward Test of Prepubertal Children at Primary Schools in Baghdad City

Objective: The study aimed to screen the prepubertal children for idiopathic scoliosis at earlier stages, and find
out the relationship between idiopathic scoliosis and demographic data such as age, sex, body mass index,
heavy backpacks, and heart & lung diseases.
Methodology: A descriptive study was conducted on screening program for prepubertal children in primary
schools at Baghdad city, starting from 24th of February to the end of October 2010. Non- probability
(purposive) sample of 510 prepubertal children were chosen from primary schools of both sides of Al-Karkh
and Al-Russafa sectors. Data was collected through a specially constructed questionnaire format include (24)
items multiple choice questions, and

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 28 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Immunohistochemical expression of P16 and HER2/neu in normal oral mucosa, oral epithelial dysplasia, and oral squamous cell carcinoma

Background: Oncogenesis in the oral cavity is widely believed to result from cumulative genetic alterations that cause a transformation of the mucosa from normal to dysplastic to invasive carcinoma. The p16 gene produces p16 protein, which in turn inhibits phosphorylation of retinoblastoma (Rb), p16 play a significant role in early carcinogenesis. A number of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) family, HER2/neu, has received much attention because of its therapeutic implications. The aims of the study were to evaluate and compare the immunohistochemical expression of the cell cycle protein P16 INK4a and c-erbB2 (HER2/neu) in NOM, OED, and OSCC. Correlate both marker expression with each other as well as with various clinicopathological

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 27 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Limitation of liability and reinsurance and its role in increasing production insurance: بحث أستطلاعي في شركة التامين العراقية العامة

The liability limit liability limit and reinsurance re factors insurance are important in influencing the achievement of company's competitive goals and achieve success and excellence in the market and because the limit of liability and reinsurance aimed to increase output with the stability of inputs leading to increased insurance business and increase profits. The study was based on two variables presidents interact with each other to form the intellectual and philosophical framework has two ( the limit of liability and reinsurance ) . The study was launched from a problem expressed by a number of targeted questions answered from the elucidation of theoretical philosophy and intellectual goals of these variables and highlight the impor

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Publication Date
Wed May 24 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
Comparative Study of Serum lactic Acid, Lactate Dehydrogenase and Lipid Profile in Ischemic Heart Disease Patients and Healthy Control

 The term ischemic heart disease (IHD) defines a disease spectrum of diverse etiology, with the common factor being on imbalance between myocardial oxygen supply and demand . Fifty patients (30 male and 20 female) attending Ibn- Al- betar cardic center, the mean age of male was 65 years and 58 years for female were included in the present study , Thirty healthy subjects ( 15 male and 15 female ) of matched age were used as control groups.  Some biochemical parameters including lipid and lipoprotein, total cholesterol (TC) , triglycerides (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), in addition to lactic acid and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities , were evaluated in the sera of IHD patient groups

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 30 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Molecular Identification and Phylogenetic-tree Analysis of Hard Ticks from Long Eared Hedgehog Hemiechinus auritus (Gmelin, 1770) in Iraq

     A total of 77 (35 female and 42 male) hard ticks samples were isolated from 22 long-eared hedgehog during January 2021 to May 2022. All animals were infested with one or two species of hard ticks with 100% infestation rate With the density of infestation mean of 3.5. The areas of collection were Baghdad, Wasit, Karbala and Al-Anbar provinces. Morphological study revealed that both species belonged to one genus of hard ticks: Rhipicephalus sanguineus (Neumann, 1904) 50.64% and Rhipicephalus turanicus (Morel, 1969) 49.35%. The molecular investigation of current study revealed that the sensitive and specific PCR assay allowing rapid and reliable identification of Rhipicephalus sp. by the fragment size amp

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 25 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Simulation of thermal lensing in an end-pumped Nd:YAG laser rod with Gaussian and super-Gaussian pump beam profile

A numerical simulation is made on the thermal lensing effect in an laser diode end-pumped Nd:YAG laser rod. Based on finite element method (FEM), the laser rod temperature distribution is calculated and the focal length is deduced for a Gaussian and super-Gaussian pump beam profiles.

At the pump power of 20W, the highest temperature located at the center of end-pumped face was 345K, and the thermal lens focal length was 81.4mm along the x-z axis. 

The results indicate that the thermal lensing effect sensitively depend on the pump power, waist radius of the pump beam and the pump distribution in a laser rod geometry.

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Publication Date
Mon May 27 2019
Journal Name
Al-academy
A Hypothesis of Architectural Environment Exercise for Actor Training (Continuous exercise space workshop – A model): هيثم عبد الرزاق علي

The peculiarity of the theater does not lie in its dramatic content because many literary genres and other artistic styles share with it in this content. The peculiarity of the theater lies in contemplating the drama through what is architectural, and this architectural axis is what distinguishes its character. It is a spatial poetry which is composed by the laws of physics and chemistry, (Weight, height, distance, rhythm, gravity, impulses and chemical excretions). i.e., what cannot be expressed in words. This is a game of space to exchange and organize energy and communicate in space by the living body, which contains the possibilities of the living drawing in space: in the time and place. This research deals with the importance of the

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 28 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Evaluation of Propolis from Kurdistan region as a new resinous sealer in root canal obturation-part I biocompatibility study

Background: Many materials were proposed as root canal obturating materials but the biocompatibility issue remains to be a critical one. Propolis has been used as a therapeutic agent since the time of Hippocrates. It is known that propolis exhibits some pharmacological activities, such as antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and anti inflammatory activity. Materials and methods: Eighteen albino rats were used in the study and divided randomly into three groups of 6 animals for each group. Each group was scheduled to be sacrificed at different time periods, which were three days, one week and three weeks. Propolis and ZOE sealer implants of 4mm in diameter and 0.5 gm in weight were implanted in the dorsal side of the rats. At the end of the

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 26 2024
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Science
Rapidly growing non-tuberculosis mycobacterial (NTM) in sputum samples of Iraqi T.B. patients in TB reference lab. in Baghdad

Non tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) present in the environment, mainly in water and not transmitted from human to human. The lung is the most common target of NTM infections in human. The symptoms of NTM infection are: fever, weight loss and abdominal pain.
114 sputum samples were examined microscopically using Ziehl-Nelsen stain, all were positive. They cultured on Lowenstein-Jensen media.
The results of this study indicate presence of 3 (2.6%) of rapidly growing mycobacteria, phenotypically they resemble T.B. bacilli. They were diagnosed by biochemical tests, they were positive for catalase and pyruvate, negative for niacin, nitrate reduction test, sensitive for Thiophene-2-carboxyl acid hydrozide test& resistant for Para nitr

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 14 2018
Journal Name
Iraqi National Journal Of Nursing Specialties
Effectiveness of Women's Self-care Instructions concerning Wound, Perineal & Urinary System Care post cesarean section in Baghdad teaching hospital

Aim: to determine the effectiveness of women's self-care instructions on their post cesarean section care in Baghdad
teaching hospital.
Methodology: The present study used quasi-experimental study design in maternity words in Baghdad teaching
hospital. The sample was collected and follow up for the period (15) January 2014 until 15 May 2014 Nonprobability
(purposive sample) of (100) women post cesarean section divided in to two groups (50) women post
cesarean section considered as a study group, and another (50) women post cesarean section considered as the
control one, A questionnaire designed as a tool to collect data fit the purpose of the study a questionnaire include
demographic variables, Reproductive variables

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