Background: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most prevalent malignant neoplasm of the oral cavity and constitutes a major health problem in developing. In the last 30 years, the 5-year survival rate of patients with oral SCC has not improved despite advance in diagnostic techniques. To improve early diagnosis for this deadly disease, new biological markers are needed. HOX genes encode homeodomain-containing transcription factors involved in the regulation of cellular proliferation and differentiation during embryogenesis. HOX gene expression has been described in several adult tissues, where they performed important roles in maintaining homeostasis. Few studies have suggested that HOXA1 plays a role in tumorigenesis. Besides being overexpressed in several tumors, HOXA1 influences numerous cellular processes including proliferation, apoptosis and epithelialmesenchymal transition (EMT), and HOXA1 overexpression is sufficient for malignant transformation ofnontumorigenic epithelial cells. Ki-67 is a specific marker of proliferation and the expression of which is strictly associated with cell proliferation and is widely used in pathology as a proliferation marker to measure the growth fraction of cells in human tumors.The aims of this study were to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of HOXA1 & Ki-67 in OSCC & to correlate the expression of the studied markers with the clinicopathological findings and with each other Materials and Methods: Thirty formalin-fixed, paraffin- embedded tissue blocks of oral squamous cell carcinoma were included in this study. H&E stain was done for each block for reassessment of histological examination. An immunohistochimical stain was performed using anti HOXA1 and anti Ki-67 poly clonal antibodies. Results:The expression of HOXA1 and Ki-67were positive in all oral squamous cell carcinoma cases & in all layers (100%), while the expression was restricted to the basal and supra basal layer in normal oral mucosa. Statistically non-significant correlation observed between each marker with clinico-pathological parameters. While a statistically significant association was found between the expressions of two markers, (p-value= 0.027). Conclusion: The statistically significant association observed between expressions of HOXA1 with the specific marker of proliferation Ki-67. This suggested important role in oral SCC development and progression.
The effects of T-shaped fins on the improvement of phase change materials (PCM) melting are numerically investigated in vertical triple-tube storage containment. The PCM is held in the middle pipe of a triple-pipe heat exchanger while the heat transfer fluid flows through the internal and external pipes. The dimension effects of the T-shaped fins on the melting process of the PCM are investigated to determine the optimum case. Results indicate that while using T-shaped fins improves the melting performance of the PCM, the improvement potential is mainly governed by the fin’s body rather than the head. Hence, the proposed T-shaped fin did not noticeably improve melting at the bottom of the PCM domain; additionally, a flat fin is ad
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Chronic kidney disease is one of the leading public health problems that affect millions of women and men worldwide.
This study aims to examine the effect of deep breathing to reduce discomfort amongst patient undergoing haemodialysis (HD).
This randomised controlled experimental study was conducted consisted of 108 patients (54 in each group) who undergoing HD in hospitalised adults’ patients between November 2024 an
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The objective of this research is to analyze the relationship between the Factors of critical success and sustainable competitive advantage, and I have tested Search Company Mu'tasim General Contracting, through applied on a sample of (90) manager, engineer and project manager, spread over sections and the company's projects surveyed. has been selected sector construction industry as one of the sectors vital and important that play a major role in the advancement of Iraq's infrastructure under the current circumstances, which epresent a set of Projects are Mu'tasim General Contracting construction imple
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Geophysics is one of the branches of Earth sciences and deals with studying the Earth's interior by studying the variation of physical properties within rock layers. Applied geophysics depends on procedures that involve the measurements of potential fields, such as the gravitational method. One of the significant oil fields in southern Iraq is represented by the Nahr Omar structure. A power spectrum analysis (SPA) technique was used to collect gravity data within the chosen oil field area in order to confirm the salt dome in the subsurface layers. The analysis of SPA resulted from six surfaces representing the gravity variation values of the depths (m)14300, 3780, 3290, 2170, 810, and 93.5. Gravity surfaces have been converted to de
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Background:sThe aims of this study were to evaluate and compare the ability of three different techniques to obdurate simulated lateral canals, evaluate the effect of the main canal curvature on obturation of lateral canals and compare the gutta-percha penetration between coronal and apical lateral canals. Materials and methods: Resin blocks with 30 straight and 30 curved were used in this study. Each canal has two parallel lateral canals. The main canal has 0.3 mm apical diameter and 0.04 taper. The canals were divided into six groups according to canal curvature and obturation techniques used (n=10): Groups C1 and C2: straight and curved canals obturated with continuous wave technique using E&Q masterTM system. Groups O1 and O2: straight
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