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The effect of different curing distances on the microhardness of flowable bulk-fill composite materials
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Background: The microhardness of a composite resin is a vital parameter that is used to determine its clinical behavior. Measuring the microhardness of a composite resin has been used as an indirect method to assess its degree of conversion and extent of polymerization. The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of three curing distances (0, 2, and 4 mm) on the microhardness of the top and bottom surfaces of three types of flowable bulk-fill composite resins (smart dentin replacement, Opus bulk fill flow, and Tetric N). Material and method: Sixty-three specimens from the three types of composite resins (n=21) were fabricated using Teflon mold with a 4mm depth and a 5 mm internal diameter and cured for 20 seconds. For each material, three subgroups were fabricated according to the position of the light curing tip from the top surface; at 0, 2, and 4 mm distances. Microhardness was measured using the Vickers test with a 50-g load for 15 seconds for the top and bottom surfaces of all the samples. Results: The microhardness values were decreased in the following order; 0mm > 2mm > 4mm curing tip distance, for both sides and Tetric N had the highest microhardness values. Significant differences in microhardness were recorded between the top and bottom surfaces for all the specimens (p<0.05). Conclusion: Increasing the distances between the tip of the light cure and the surface of flowable bulk-fill resins can significantly decrease the microhardness of the bottom surfaces compared to the top surfaces.

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Analysis of the rebound effect and interactive between fiscal and monetary policy on the General economic equilibrium (IS-LM)
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      Will address this research interaction and coordination between fiscal and monetary policies and the impact of this interaction and coordination on economic stability and growth، and how the financial implications of monetary policy may stimulate action monetary policy and treatment side effects and the nature of responsiveness and bounce between procedures both two policies and their impact on the balance of overall economic and explained in the folds of searchjustifications coordination and the extent necessary in order to address the imbalances in economic activity through twinning actions of monetary and fiscal، has embodied this coordination and interaction between policies and their impact m

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Publication Date
Tue Feb 14 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effect of Educational Program Based on the (Guttmann) Model for Developing Awareness and Emotional Experience among University Students
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Abstract

The aim of the research is to identify the level of awareness and emotional experience among university students and to identify the effect of the educational program based on (Guttmann) model for developing awareness and emotional experience among university students by verifying the validity of the following zero hypotheses: 1) There are no statistically significant differences in the development of awareness and emotional experience among university students at the level of (0.05) between the mean scores of the experimental group in the pre and post-tests. 2) There are no statistically significant differences in the development of awareness and emotional experience among university students at the lev

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 02 2016
Journal Name
European Academic Research
‘Resymbolization’ of a Text; a Relatively Different Perspective of Graham Greene’s The Quiet American
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The Quiet American could be considered as one of Graham Greene’s most distinguished books; it is an epochal novel written during the phase of the cold war between the United States and the Soviet Union. The novel deals with the interference of the United States in Vietnam ten years before Vietnam’s war. The role the Americans played in arousing an inner political crisis in the country previous to her military invention. The book reflects that this action was not out of American government concern about Vietnamese people themselves but merely a political foreign affair. They wanted to stop communism from spreading widely and reducing its role in the East. This paper attempts to analyse the novel concentrating on the message Greene intend

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 26 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Agricultural Sciences
COMPARISON THE ACCURACY OF COMPUTING POINT COORDINATS BETWEEN DIFFERENT INSTRUMENTS AND APPLICATIONS OF GPS
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The study was aimed to determine the coordinates of  the points were measured by different ways and different instruments, the most precise way using the differential global positioning system (DGPS) that will be the reference measurements in comparison, less precise way using navigator GPS. Google earth (pro.), and the other applications of GPS mobile ( Samsung and I-phone). In this research (8 points) were chosen that are occasional in location. The comparison of the different observations can give us an idea of ​​the extent to which the accuracy of the observations differs from the different devices used in the observing, as well as through the knowledge of the best device and the best way to measure coordinates accurately t

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Evaluation of the one electron expectation values for different wave function of Be atom
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The aim of this work is to evaluate the one- electron expectation value from the radial electronic density function D(r1) for different wave function for the 2S state of Be atom . The wave function used were published in 1960,1974and 1993, respectavily. Using Hartree-Fock wave function as a Slater determinant has used the partitioning technique for the analysis open shell system of Be (1s22s2) state, the analyze Be atom for six-pairs electronic wave function , tow of these are for intra-shells (K,L) and the rest for inter-shells(KL) . The results are obtained numerically by using computer programs (Mathcad).

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Publication Date
Sun Jul 12 2020
Journal Name
Medico-legal Update
Assessing the Response of a Sample of Iraqi Asthmatic Patients to Different Medication Regimens
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Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of respiratory airways characterized by distinctive history of respiratory symptoms due to variable airflow obstruction which reverses either spontaneously or in response to certain medications. Acetylcholine is a parasympathetic neurotransmitter which plays fundamental roles in the development of persistent asthma. Treatment guidelines recommend using medium doses of inhaled corticosteroids in addition to another controller bronchodilator instead of using high doses inhaled steroid alone for treatment of moderate to severe persistent asthma. The inhaled long acting muscarinic antagonist, tiotropium, was approved recently to control unresponsive asthma to inhaled corticosteroid with or without a long

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Publication Date
Sun May 15 2022
Journal Name
Bionatura
Isolation of different parasites from the freshwater of Euphrates River in Anbar Province, Iraq
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Intestinal parasites present in freshwater from the Al- Fallujah, Al- Habbaniyah and Al-Alwarar, of the Euphrates river in Iraq are Cryptosporidium spp (25.3%), Giardia sp (3.3%), Eimeria sp (3.3%), Pinworm eggs (3.3%), Naegleria sp (15.3%), Lecane niwati (1.3%), Trichomonas hominis (19.3%), Acanthamoeba spp (24.6%), Entamoeba coli (20.6%), Balantidium coli (12%), Ascaris sp (3.3%), Volvox sp (26%), Chilomastix mesnili (4%), Pelomyxa palustris (2.6%), Trinema enchelys (2.6%), Actinophrys Sol (7.3%), Amobea Vespertilio (9.3%), Rhabditea (5.3%), paramecium bursaria (9.3%), cyst of cestode (6%), Oocyst protozoa (16%), Euglena gracilis (10.6%).were isolated. The study's goal was to isolate some of the parasites that pollute the Euphrat

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Publication Date
Wed Jul 31 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Evaluation of the Accuracy of Digital Elevation Model Produced from Different Open Source Data
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This study aims to estimate the accuracy of digital elevation models (DEM) which are created with exploitation of open source Google Earth data and comparing with the widely available DEM datasets, Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), version 3, and Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer Global Digital Elevation Model (ASTER GDEM), version 2. The GPS technique is used in this study to produce digital elevation raster with a high level of accuracy, as reference raster, compared to the DEM datasets. Baghdad University, Al Jadriya campus, is selected as a study area. Besides, 151 reference points were created within the study area to evaluate the results based on the values of RMS.Furthermore, th

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 23 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Optics
Studying the effect of cadmium chloride and thiourea concentrations on the structural and optical properties of CdS films deposited using the spray pyrolysis technique
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Publication Date
Mon Aug 25 2025
Journal Name
Iraq Acadmic Journals
The effect of an educational program using the Polya strategy on probing thinking and the application of some defensive formations in handball for students
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Browse Iraqi academic journals and research papers

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