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Minimally invasive access cavities in endodontics
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Background: The access cavity is a critical stage in root canal therapy and it may influence the subsequent steps of the treatment. The new minimally invasive endodontic access cavity preparation concept aims to preserve sound tooth structure by conserving as much intact dentine as possible including the pulp chamber's roof, to keep the teeth from fracturing during and after endodontic treatment. While there is great interest in such access opening designs in numerous publications, still there is a lack of scientific evidence to support the application of such modern access cavity designs in clinical practice. This review aims to critically examine the literature on minimal access cavity preparations, explain the effect of minimally invasive access cavity designs on various aspects of root canal treatment, and identify areas where additional research is required. Data: An electronic search for English-language articles was performed using the following databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, and Research Gate. The following keywords were used: "minimally invasive access cavity", "conservative endodontic cavity ", and "classification of access cavity". Study selection: 64 papers that were the most relevant to the topics in this review were selected between 1969 to 26 February 2022. Conclusions: Minimally invasive access cavities can be classified into conservative, ultraconservative, truss access, caries and restorative-driven cavities. There is a deficiency of proof that a minimally invasive access cavity maintains the resistance to fracture of endodontically treated teeth greater than traditional access cavities. There was no difference in the percentage of untouched walls and debris removal in teeth with conservative vs traditional access cavities, however, truss and ultraconservative access cavities resulted in poor irrigation efficacy compared to traditional ones. Also, the lower cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary instruments and root canal obturation with voids were associated with minimally invasive access cavities. The studies about minimally invasive access cavities still have a wide range of methodological disadvantages or register unsatisfactory or inconclusive results. Therefore, further research on this topic is needed especially with the everyday advancement of techniques and armamentarium used in endodontics.

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 29 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Professional Studies
MULTIMODALITY IN THE COURTROOM IN AMERICAN AND BRITISH CRIMINAL CASES
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PDBN Rashid, International Journal of Professional Studies, 2023

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Publication Date
Mon Oct 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Knowledge Management in Saudi Universities Applied study in Shaqra University
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  This research aims  to know the reality of  implementation of  Knowledge Management in Saudi Universities Applied  in Shaqra University and to study the difficults whish encountered in applying the Knowledge Management approach.

The study investigated the university staff  in Shaqra, Thadig, and Huraymila branches,  using a questionnaire designed by the researcher to collect the data, sample of (260) members was used, applying the descriptive analytical approach to test the hypothesis by using (SPSS) program.

The study revealed that the first four zero hypothesis are rejected because there is medium approval of the university members on the fo

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Publication Date
Sat May 27 2023
Journal Name
Online Journal Of Animal And Feed Research
Phylogenetic identification of Anaplasma phagocytophilum in horses in Baghdad, Iraq
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This study aimed to detect Anaplasma phagocytophilum in horses through hematological and molecular tests. The 16S rRNA gene of the Anaplasma phagocytophilum parasite was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), then sequenced, and subjected to phylogenetic analysis to explore "Equine Granulocytic Anaplasmosis" (EGA) infection in three important gathering race horses areas in Baghdad governorate, Iraq. Blood samples were obtained from 160 horses of varying ages, three breeds, and both sexes, between January and December 2021. Prevalence and risk variables for anaplasmosis were analyzed using statistical odds ratio and chi-square tests. Results demonstrated that clinical anaplasmosis symptoms comprised jaundice, wei

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 14 2016
Journal Name
Al-academy
Figure role in highlighting and content in the technical poster
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The poster is one of the means which can be communicate with others through it, to transfer ideas that the designer want to focus on, for its importance to accomplish the poster. It’s a visual mean contact aim to submit an idea to the audience to get a clear idea, and that would be through the shapes and subject to submit the idea. Depend on that our goal in this study is to find out, what follows:1-Finding the relationship between the shape and the idea.And the study comes up with several results, like:1-The drawings that contain themes connected with what the designer want to achieve, through the clearness of idea and to make those elements clear by putting more elements to surround the main shape.2-To assure that the strong connecti

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 04 2016
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Survey of Keratinophilic Fungi in the Tigris River in Baghdad
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The present study includs the isolation and identification of Keratinophilic fungi in fresh water samples collected from Tigris river in Baghdad, Iraq. Samples were collected from different districts of Baghdad (Al-Rustumia, Madina Al-Teb, Al-Azamia, Al-Kadimia, Al-Dorha and Al-Kanah). The water samples were examined for keratinophilic fungi by the plating method culturing and Hair Baiting Technique. A total number of 18 genera are recorded, in which the Tigris water indicates an impressive diversity of fungi. A variety of fungal strains were isolated from river water, out of 814 fungal colonies, Aspergillus terrus (5.5%) was the most frequent species, followed by Asperg

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
DIFFICULTIES IN USING THE INTERNET IN THE TEACHING OF SCIENCES
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The present research aims at recognizing the difficulties and problems which hamper teachers and educators alike when using the internet for educational purposes.It discusses the benefits of the internet as a source of information or publication and as a communicative tool.Arandom sample of (30) teachers working at schools in Baghdad / Second Risafa,was selected.Three of the sample members use the internet for student project plans via internet centers, whereas 16 of them use it for chatting, emailing and research purposes.The rest of the sample have limited knowledge of the internet. The researcher used the interviewing method to gather data from

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Publication Date
Tue Mar 28 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Measurement of some Biochemical Values in Hemodialysis Patients in Baghdad
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One hundred of dialysis patients' mean age ( 51.18±8.28) years and one hundred healthy control group , where carried out  from different hospitals of Baghdad city , during the period between November /2012 until March/2013. Blood samples were collected before dialyzing for estimation   the concentration of urea, creatinine, uric acid, random blood sugar , calcium and cholesterol by enzymatic method detected spectrophotometerically.

The  aim of this  study is   to determine concentration of urea, creatinine, uric acid, RBS , calcium and cholesterol in hemodialysis patients in Baghdad . The results showed that there were  highly significant increases (P<0.01) in the mean of creatinine ,

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 31 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Characteristics of Rainfall in Dry and Wet Seasons in Iraq
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      This research aims at making a comparative survey between the dry season in (2017-2018) and the wet season (2018-2019) in Iraq concerning the variation of rainfall and pressure systems responsible for such a difference. In this paper, seven climatological stations have been selected: Mosul, Kirkuk, Khanaqin, Baghdad, Rutba, Diwaniyah and Basra. Results have shown that the first category of rainfall of the two seasons has recorded a higher number of rainy days in comparison with the second and third categories with a total of 274 day in a dry season and 403 day of a wet season. Further, the total amount of the annual continuous rain is higher than the total of thunderstorms in a dry season as well as in the

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Publication Date
Mon Feb 04 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Spatial Variation of Respiratory Diseases in Najaf Governorate in 2016
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The relationship between respiratory diseases and natural geographical variables relative to temperature, relative humidity, wind and solar radiation is a strong one.
The environmental factors have impact on increasing the proportion of people with respiratory diseases in the province of Najaf, especially industrial pollution and working conditions as well as the economic level.
Ah-Mishkhab was in the first rank in terms of the number of people infected with respiratory diseases reached 135177 and 41%, followed by Najaf governorate which reached its numbers to 77801 and 23%. The district of Kufa ranked third with 42051 and 13%, and the other administrative units at fourth and fifth rank respectively.
When comparing diseases and

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 29 2017
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Microbial Contamination of Eye Drops in out Patient in Iraq
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Acontaminated ophthalmic solutions represent a potential cause of avoidable ocular infection. This study aimed to determine the magnitude and pattern of microbial contamination of eye drops in out patient at the department of ophthalmology, at Baghdad national hospital, Iraq. Fifty four vials from the out patient clinic were obtained for microbial examination after an average use of 2 weeks. The dropper tip and the residual eye drop were examined for contamination. The specimens were cultured, the number of colonies counted, the organisms identified. Eight (15%)  out of 54 analyzed vials were contaminated , most bacteria identi

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