Background: The access cavity is a critical stage in root canal therapy and it may influence the subsequent steps of the treatment. The new minimally invasive endodontic access cavity preparation concept aims to preserve sound tooth structure by conserving as much intact dentine as possible including the pulp chamber's roof, to keep the teeth from fracturing during and after endodontic treatment. While there is great interest in such access opening designs in numerous publications, still there is a lack of scientific evidence to support the application of such modern access cavity designs in clinical practice. This review aims to critically examine the literature on minimal access cavity preparations, explain the effect of minimally invasive access cavity designs on various aspects of root canal treatment, and identify areas where additional research is required. Data: An electronic search for English-language articles was performed using the following databases: Google Scholar, PubMed, and Research Gate. The following keywords were used: "minimally invasive access cavity", "conservative endodontic cavity ", and "classification of access cavity". Study selection: 64 papers that were the most relevant to the topics in this review were selected between 1969 to 26 February 2022. Conclusions: Minimally invasive access cavities can be classified into conservative, ultraconservative, truss access, caries and restorative-driven cavities. There is a deficiency of proof that a minimally invasive access cavity maintains the resistance to fracture of endodontically treated teeth greater than traditional access cavities. There was no difference in the percentage of untouched walls and debris removal in teeth with conservative vs traditional access cavities, however, truss and ultraconservative access cavities resulted in poor irrigation efficacy compared to traditional ones. Also, the lower cyclic fatigue resistance of rotary instruments and root canal obturation with voids were associated with minimally invasive access cavities. The studies about minimally invasive access cavities still have a wide range of methodological disadvantages or register unsatisfactory or inconclusive results. Therefore, further research on this topic is needed especially with the everyday advancement of techniques and armamentarium used in endodontics.
Some may think that the games, especially the folk games, are just a means of entertainment and fun and children may resort to them to alleviate the tension they are experiencing at home or school, but the truth is that they carry values and meanings that can be invested in education because they contribute to the development of the personality of the child and enhance self- confidence. The objective of the research is to learn how to use folk games to develop children's acting and performance skills in the kindergartens.
The research included a theoretical introduction of three sections: the first section: education through play. The second section: the folk tale and the development of imagination and the
... Show MoreThe development of the television industry has led to the emergence of a new type of entertainment program in which producers have abandoned stereotypes in traditional programs, known as (Reality TV show). This type of program has spread rapidly in America, (where there are more than 40 series of these programs), as well as Europe and more than twenty countries around the world, including the Arab countries, where the number of these programs today to about 1000 programs and the number is increasing , Especially with the readiness of the production networks to produce more of these programs for the huge profits they derive from them (because of the high viewing rates and the large number of ads broadcast through them) in return for low prod
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This reaserch seeks To answer Wondering :(Is there a possibility employ strategic agility In companies sample Serving in Iraq ?)
This reaserch aims: explore Strategic Agility rely upon Dimensions that interact with each other to form the intcllectual frame Strategic Agility, These dimensions are: (Clarity of vision, Selected
... Show MoreIn this study the assessment radon concentration in sludge of Oil
Fields in North Oil Company (N.O.C.) of Iraq have been studied
using CR-39 solid–state nuclear track detector technique. A total of
34 samples selected from 12 oil stations in the company have been
placed in the dosimeters. The average radon concentration was found
to be 162.29 Bq/m3 which is fortunately lower than the standard
international limit. The potential alpha energy concentration and
annual effective dose have been calculated. A proportional
relationship between the annual effective dose and radon
concentration within the studied region has been certified.
Three hundred and fifty five patients with hepatitis were investigated in this study all cases gave negative result with HBs Ag , IgM-anti HCV , IgM-anti HEV, IgM-anti HDV and anti-HIV tests . The frequency of IgM-anti HAV was 113 and the percentage was 32 % in all ages but when these patients divided into five groups dependent on ages. The highest percentage of IgM-anti HAV was (45%) in age <10 and the percentage declined with age increase till to 9% in age >41 year.
A new, Simple, sensitive and accurate spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the determination of sulfanilamide (SNA) drug in pure and in synthetic sample. This method based on the reaction of sulfanilamide (SNA) with 1,2-napthoquinone-4-sulphonic acid (NQS) to form N-alkylamono naphthoquinone by replacement of the sulphonate group of the naphthoquinone sulphonic acid by an amino group. The colored chromogen shows absorption maximum at 455 nm. The optimum conditions of condensation reaction forms were investigated by: (1) univariable method, by optimizing the effect of experimental variables; (different bases, reagent concentration, borax concentration and reaction time), (2) central composite design (CCD) including
... Show MoreLanguage always conveys ideologies that represent an essential aspect of the world we live in. The beliefs and opinions of an individual or community can be organized, interacted with, and negotiated via the use of language. Recent researches have paid attention to bullying as a social issue. They have focused on the psychological aspect of bullying rather than the linguistic one. To bridge this gap, the current study is intended to investigate the ideology of bullying from a critical stylistic perspective. The researchers adopt Jeffries' (2010) critical stylistics model to analyze the data which is five extracts taken from Hunt’s Fish in a Tree (2015). The analysis demonstrates
... Show MoreImprovisation is that spontaneous automatic achievement which is formed by a new cognition that is not based on something prior to it or a previous cognition. It is instantaneous. Whereas in art, improvisation also inters in all types of applied and performance arts as a foundation for launching and initiating it in music, painting, cinema, television and theater. In order to study the improvisation of the actor, the researcher put forward a theoretical study that included two sections. The first section is (the improvisation concept) and the second section is (improvisation in the show). The researcher, in the research procedures, took an intentional sample that was represented by the theatrical show (Rehearsal in Hell Play) and after t
... Show MoreAI in teaching English is reshaping language learning. While interest in AI-supported education is growing worldwide, research in this area is still emerging in Iraq. This review synthesizes empirical AI-based intervention studies to enhance English language learning in Iraqi higher education, and the perceptions of stakeholders regarding AI tools in language instruction. The reviewed intervention studies, comprising studies employed different AI platforms to support grammar instruction, speaking fluency, writing feedback, and pragmatic competence. These interventions yielded improvements in learners’ performance, motivation, and communicative confidence. In parallel, perception-focused studies revealed positive attitudes toward A
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