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The effects of maternal environmental tobacco smoke exposure on periodontal health and mother-infant bonding in relation to salivary cotinine level
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Background: Environmental tobacco smoking is produced by active smokers burning the tip of a cigarette and breathed by nonsmokers and measured by cotinine level. It has the potential to raise the risk of periodontal disease. One of the most frequent chronic diseases in adults is periodontal disease. The lower maternal-fetal attachment has been found to predict smoking status in previous studies, but no research has examined whether maternal-fetal attachment predicts environmental tobacco smoking. This study assessed the effects of maternal environmental tobacco smoke exposure on periodontal health and mother-infant bonding concerning salivary cotinine levels. Materials and methods: This is a comparative cross-sectional study comparing environmental tobacco smoke on exposed and non-exposed mothers aged between 20-35 years with their infants aged up to one year who attended primary health care centers in rural areas of AL-Karkh sector/Baghdad. Along with the essential socio-demographic data, a secondhand smoke exposure scale and postpartum bonding questionnaire were employed. Collection of unstimulated saliva from mothers was done according to Navazesh and Kumer in 2008. After that, the clinical Assessment of gingival bleeding and periodontal pockets was performed by using Community Periodontal Index according to the world health organization in 1997. Results: Out of 150 subjects,67(44.66%) were exposed to environmental tobacco whereas the non-exposed mothers were composed of 83 (55.33%). The highest mean number of CPI0(healthy gingiva) and CPI1(gingival bleeding) were among the non-exposed mothers while the highest mean number of CPI2(dental calculus), CPI3 (shallow pocket 4-5mm) and CPI4(deep pocket 6mm or more) were among the exposed mothers. The mean value of cotinine level among the non-exposed mothers was lower than exposed mothers with significant results. A higher salivary cotinine level was linked to a lower maternal-fetal bonding score. Conclusions: Mother’s exposure to environmental tobacco smoke significantly negatively impacts periodontal disease. Furthermore, mothers who have a stronger sense of attachment and affiliation to their fetus have lower salivary cotinine concentrations than mothers who have a less sense of fetal attachment.

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Publication Date
Sun Nov 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Physics: Conference Series
Laser Irradiation Effect on The Optical Properties of CoO<sub>2</sub>Thin Films deposited via Semi-Computerized Spraying System
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Abstract<p>In this paper deals with the effect laser irradiation on the optical properties of cobalt oxide (CoO<sub>2</sub>) thin films and that was prepared using semi computerized spray pyrolysis technique. The films deposited on glass substrate using such as an ideal value concentration of (0.02)M with a total volume of 100 ml. With substrate temperature was (350 C), spray rate (15 ml/min).The XRD diffraction given polycrystalline nature with Crystal system trigonal (hexagonal axes). The obtained films were irradiated by continuous green laser (532.8 nm) with power 140 mW for different time periods is 10 min,20min and 30min. The result was that the optical properties of cobalt oxide thin films affe</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Fri Jul 14 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Information Technology &amp; Decision Making
A Decision Modeling Approach for Data Acquisition Systems of the Vehicle Industry Based on Interval-Valued Linear Diophantine Fuzzy Set
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Modeling data acquisition systems (DASs) can support the vehicle industry in the development and design of sophisticated driver assistance systems. Modeling DASs on the basis of multiple criteria is considered as a multicriteria decision-making (MCDM) problem. Although literature reviews have provided models for DASs, the issue of imprecise, unclear, and ambiguous information remains unresolved. Compared with existing MCDM methods, the robustness of the fuzzy decision by opinion score method II (FDOSM II) and fuzzy weighted with zero inconsistency II (FWZIC II) is demonstrated for modeling the DASs. However, these methods are implemented in an intuitionistic fuzzy set environment that restricts the ability of experts to provide mem

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Publication Date
Fri Jun 30 2023
Journal Name
International Journal Of Intelligent Engineering And Systems
DeepFake Detection Improvement for Images Based on a Proposed Method for Local Binary Pattern of the Multiple-Channel Color Space
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DeepFake is a concern for celebrities and everyone because it is simple to create. DeepFake images, especially high-quality ones, are difficult to detect using people, local descriptors, and current approaches. On the other hand, video manipulation detection is more accessible than an image, which many state-of-the-art systems offer. Moreover, the detection of video manipulation depends entirely on its detection through images. Many worked on DeepFake detection in images, but they had complex mathematical calculations in preprocessing steps, and many limitations, including that the face must be in front, the eyes have to be open, and the mouth should be open with the appearance of teeth, etc. Also, the accuracy of their counterfeit detectio

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Biochemical & Cellular Archives
MORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF THE BRAIN AND SPINAL CORD OF THE IRAQI FROG, RANA RIDIBUNDA RIDIBUNDA
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The frog has a highly developed nervous system. It consists of a brain, a spinal cord and nerves. The brain is the only center for the control of all vital activities as it receives impulses from different parts of the body through sensory nerves and issues orders through motor fibers to different parts of the body for appropriate action. The Aims of studyis general morphological structural of the brain and spinal cord in the Iraqi frog Rana ridibunda ridibunda. The brains of twenty of frogs belonging to class Amphibia were studied using conventional techniques of dissecting microscopy. All samples were sacrificed and anesthetized and then they were removed completely from the neurocranium, cranial, sensory nerves and the meninges and trans

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2022
Journal Name
Journal Of Pharmaceutical Negative Results
Evaluation the Role of CD4 and CD8 Reducing the Deterioration of COVID-19 Iraqi Patients
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Since its start spreed "Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2" was discovered in Wuhan, China.that is chargeable COVID-19, a pandemic virus, has end up a widespread fitness hassle everywhere in the global Over 2.1 million people have been affected. We analyze serum concentration of CD4 marker and CD8 marker depend in COVID-19 sufferers, and to make clear a relationship between these variables and disorder Progression and severity For those purpose, (158) sufferers with COVID-19 (showed with the aid of using polymerase chain reaction) and (22) seemingly wholesome human beings have been protected withinside the present day examine and taken into consideration as a manipulate group. All examine population (sufferers and manipulate) h

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Energy Procedia
Manufacturing and improving the characteristics of the isolation of concrete composites by additive Styrofoam particulate
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Publication Date
Mon Jan 13 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The Role Federal Board Of Supreme Audit Of Auditing The Economic And Technical Feasibility Studies
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The importance of economic and technical feasibility studies include all of the investor, the society, the banks, the project and the government. As it will assist in achieving the optimal use of the available economic incomes on the national level and arranging the projects in priority which participates in achieving the government benefit without wasting the amounts .This is the research goal So, the research covered its theoretical aspect, of SAIs and the economic and technical feasibility studies then the role of the auditors in auditing those studies Then a mechanism was proposed includes a guidebook that provides guidelines for organizing the process of preparing and auditi

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 04 2025
Journal Name
European Journal Of Dentistry
The Effectiveness of Conventional and Advanced Aligning Archwires: The Insights of Two Randomized Clinical Trials
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Abstract<p> Objectives This study aimed to compare the clinical effectiveness of four aligning archwires: Superelastic Nickel-Titanium (Superelastic-NiTi), SmartArch, Copper-Nickel-Titanium (Cu-NiTi), and Speed Tubular coaxial-Nickel-Titanium (Tubular coaxial-NiTi), regarding the alignment efficiency, associated perception of pain, and possibility of inducing root resorption.</p><p> Materials and Methods This study includes two randomized clinical trials run in parallel. Patients with 5 to 9 mm of mandibular anterior teeth crowding according to Little's irregularity index (LII) who needed fixed orthodontic appliances without extraction were randomly assigned to four groups of</p> ... Show More
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Publication Date
Wed Oct 12 2022
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
Keeping abreast of the provisions of Islamic Sharia with the contemporary reality and its developments
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In The Name Of God the Most Gracious, the Most Merciful [Should he not know he that created? And he is the one that understands the finest mysteries (and) is well-acquainted] surah Al-Mulk verse No. (14), this Qur’anic verse is one of the pieces of evidence that indicates the suitability of Sharia for the human life, since God Almighty created the creation and he is the best-known concerning the needs of his creation to survive and for life to continue.

One of the key ways for the continuity of human life is Sharia's possession of the feature of suitability for every time and place, and for the whole world, and it is comprehensive to all the details of life and its integrated systems, a systems that comp

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 31 2013
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Thermo-Rheological Investigation and Modeling of the Shear Viscosity of Polypropylene above the Melting Temperature
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The increasing use of polymeric materials in the daily life, leads to challenges in the processing industry to deliver high performance materials with affordable terms. However, new processing techniques lead to high costs. In order to reduce processing costs it is necessary to understand the non-Newtonian behavior of the polymers in their molten state to be able to simulate the processes before the construction of the plants starts. Here the shear thinning behavior of the viscosity of polymeric melts is essential. Thus, this paper deals with the experimental investigation of the thermo-rheological behavior of the viscosity of one of the most used polymers (Polypropylene) over a wide range of temperatures and shear rates.  Furthermo

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