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In vitro assessment of bracket adhesion post enamel conditioning with a novel etchant paste
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Background: 37% phosphoric acid (PA) is the traditional enamel etching technique prior to bracket ‎adhesion, yet it has been implicated in numerous enamel injuries. The purpose of the current study was to create a calcium phosphate (CaP) etching paste in a ‎‎simplified capsule ‎formula that can underpin clinically ‎adequate bracket bond strength ‎without jeopardizing the ‎integrity of enamel upon ‎the debracketing procedure. Materials and Methods: micro-sized hydroxyapatite (HA) powder was mixed with 40% PA solution to prepare ‎experimental acidic CaP paste. Sixty human premolars were ‎assigned into two groups of 30 each. ‎Enamel conditioning was accomplished using 37% PA-gel‎ for control group and CaP paste for experimental group. Each group was further divided into two subgroups regarding the water storage (WS) period (24 h and 30 days). Shear bond strength (SBS) test conducted with examination of debonded surfaces for adhesive remnants and enamel damage using a digital microscope. Results: CaP paste produced significantly lower SBS values than PA (p < 0.01), yet sufficient for clinical use. PA etching caused often cracked enamel surfaces with excessive ‎retention of adhesive remnants (mainly ARI scores 2 and 3). Contrarily, enamel treated with the experimental CaP paste exhibited smooth, ‎unblemished surfaces mostly clean of adhesives residues (scores 0 and 1). Conclusion: a newly developed CaP paste in a capsule formula fosters ‎clinically adequate bracket ‎adhesion with a sustained bonding performance, allows a harmless bracket removal with ‎minimal or no adhesive residues on debonded surfaces; thus, it can be introduced as a suitable ‎alternative to PA‎.  

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Publication Date
Fri Dec 20 2019
Journal Name
Iet Circuits, Devices &amp; Systems
Multi‐bit error control coding with limited correction for high‐performance and energy‐efficient network on chip
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In the presence of deep submicron noise, providing reliable and energy‐efficient network on‐chip operation is becoming a challenging objective. In this study, the authors propose a hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ)‐based coding scheme that simultaneously reduces the crosstalk induced bus delay and provides multi‐bit error protection while achieving high‐energy savings. This is achieved by calculating two‐dimensional parities and duplicating all the bits, which provide single error correction and six errors detection. The error correction reduces the performance degradation caused by retransmissions, which when combined with voltage swing reduction, due to its high error detection, high‐energy savings are achieved. The res

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 03 2020
Journal Name
Modern Sport
Exercises based on the phosphogenic energy system to develop the ability to perform with precision and accuracy
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Each sport has its own energy requirements that differ from the energy requirements of other sports, and a different method is used in each of them, so the trainer must first rely on the principle of privacy in training first, that is, privacy according to the working energy system, that is, he defines the controlling energy system In that event, and how the muscles use the available energy to perform according to the energy production systems. As we find the serving skill is the first volleyball skill with which the team starts the match in order to be able to gain points directly, through knowledge it turns out that there is a weakness in the skill performance, especially the skill of serving and being The key to victory for volle

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 08 2022
Journal Name
Egyptian Journal Of Chemistry
Synthesis, Characterization, Spectroscopic, Thermal and Biological Studies for New Complexes with N1, N2-bis(3-hydroxyphenyl) Oxalamide
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Publication Date
Sun Jan 03 2010
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The non right behavior appearance for the kindergarten children and its relation with the kindergarten teaching style
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The kindergarten teacher play a role in fixing the children behavior so she must plant the value and the habits that make a positive behavior and accepted by the society so the teacher must know all the right educational psychological styles to fix the children behavior and make them accepted psychologically and socially so the problem of the research start from knowing the relation between the methods of dealing with the kindergarten’s teachers and the non right behavior appearance for the kindergarten children. The current research aims to measure the negative behavior appearance of the children of kindergarten and distinguish it according to (sex and levels) and to distinguish the most using styles by the teachers of kinderg

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Publication Date
Thu Jun 15 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Legal Sciences
The Reliance Damages for Depending Upon the Contract - An Analytical Comparative Study with the Iraqi Civil Law
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The reliance damages for depending upon the contract are considered as a type of damages arising from the breach of the contract, which are included within the common law remedies for the damage and loss suffered by the non-breaching party. It is worth-bearing in mind that the reliance damages are monetary in nature, and different from such equitable remedies as the specific performance and the injunction which are of real nature. It is to be noted that this piece of research is dedicated to study the concept of the reliance damages in the English law, as well as their states, the judicial doctrines upon which this type of damages is based, and the manner how the courts estimate them. Compared with situation of the Iraqi civil law No. (4

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Publication Date
Tue Oct 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Comparison Robust M Estimate With Cubic Smoothing Splines For Time-Varying Coefficient Model For Balance Longitudinal Data
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In this research، a comparison has been made between the robust estimators of (M) for the Cubic Smoothing Splines technique، to avoid the problem of abnormality in data or contamination of error، and the traditional estimation method of Cubic Smoothing Splines technique by using two criteria of differentiation which are (MADE، WASE) for different sample sizes and disparity levels to estimate the chronologically different coefficients functions for the balanced longitudinal data which are characterized by observations obtained through (n) from the independent subjects، each one of them is measured repeatedly by group of  specific time points (m)،since the frequent measurements within the subjects are almost connected an

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Publication Date
Thu May 18 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Experimental Study for Materials Prosthetic above Knee Socket under Tensile or Fatigue Stress with Varying Temperatures Effect
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The residual limb within the prosthesis, is often subjected to tensile or fatigue stress with varying temperatures. The fatigue stress and temperatures difference which faced by amputee during his daily activities will produces an environmental media for growth of fungi and bacteria in addition to the damage that occurs in the prosthesis which minimizingthe life of the prosthetic limb and causing disconfirm feeling for the amputee.

In this paper, a mechanical and thermal properties of composite materials prosthetic socket made of different lamination for perlon/fiber glass/perlon, are calculated by using tesile test device under varying temperatures ( from 20oC to 60oC), also in this paper a device for measuring rotational bendin

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 30 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Estimating Stock Returns Using Rough Set Theory: An Exploratory study With An Evidence From Iraq Stock Exchange
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‎ This research aims to estimate stock returns, according to the ‎Rough Set Theory ‎approach, ‎test ‎its effectiveness and accuracy in predicting stock returns and their potential in the ‎field of ‎financial ‎markets, and rationalize investor decisions. The research sample is totaling (10) ‎companies traded at Iraq Stock Exchange. The results showed a remarkable ‎ ‎Rough Set Theory application in data reduction, contributing to the rationalization of ‎investment ‎decisions. The most prominent conclusions are the capability of rough set theory ‎in ‎dealing with financial data and applying it for forecasting stock ‎returns.‎The ‎research provides those interested in investing stocks in financial

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 02 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of The Faculty Of Medicine Baghdad
Applying food frequency questionnaire to evaluate the dietary pattern and life style on women with breast cancer
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Background: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women and ranked number two after
lung cancer in the world. According to the World Health Organization, breast cancer accounts for
22.9% among cancers in women in 2012.
Objective: This study was designed to evaluate the dietary pattern particularly dairy products
consumption and the role of lifestyle on women with breast cancer in Baghdad city and its suburbs.
Subjects and Methods: The study was conducted on 100 women with breast cancer, as a case group,
compared with a control group comprised of 100 healthy women. Demographic data were collected
from both groups. A food frequency questionnaire was used of 33 items of foods for reporting the

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2024
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Using the Elzaki decomposition method to solve nonlinear fractional differential equations with the Caputo-Fabrizio fractional operator
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The techniques of fractional calculus are applied successfully in many branches of science and engineering, one of the techniques is the Elzaki Adomian decomposition method (EADM), which researchers did not study with the fractional derivative of Caputo Fabrizio. This work aims to study the Elzaki Adomian decomposition method (EADM) to solve fractional differential equations with the Caputo-Fabrizio derivative. We presented the algorithm of this method with the CF operator and discussed its convergence by using the method of the Cauchy series then, the method has applied to solve Burger, heat-like, and, couped Burger equations with the Caputo -Fabrizio operator. To conclude the method was convergent and effective for solving this type of

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