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12- months color stability of direct resin composite veneers in anterior teeth: Clinical trial
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Background: This clinical trial aims to evaluate the color changes of direct resin composite veneer (DCV) restorations based on spectrophotometric analysis of 4 different types of resin composites between the baseline immediately after polishing and after one year of follow-up. Materials and methods: 28 patients were assessed for eligibility for participation, aged between 18 and 38 years old, who indicated for DCV restorations in anterior maxillary teeth were considered for participation in this study. In total, 25 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected (6 males and 19 females, mean age: 20.9 at the time of restoration placement), and 3 patients were excluded. Participants were divided into four groups based on the type of composite resin used for restorations. Group 1 nanohybrid Ips Empress direct (Ivoclar Vivadent)](IPS) (13 restorations/6 patients), group 2 microfilled [Essentia (GC cooperation Japan)](ES) (14 restorations / 7 patients), group 3 supra-nano filled [ Estelite ∑ Quick (Tokuyama, Tokyo, Japan)](EQ) (17 restorations / 7 patients) and group 4 nanofill [Filtek Ultimate (3M ESPE)](FU) (13 restorations / 5 patients). Baseline Color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer immediately after finishing and polishing (baseline), and after one year of recall, color change (ΔE) from baseline values and after one year of follow-up of DCVs were calculated according to CIELab color coordinates. For this, a silicone mold was fabricated for each patient and used as a guide for each measurement to standardize the site of the readings. Statistical analysis of the data was applied using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn-Bonferroni posthoc test after controlling the distribution of data in terms of normality with the Shapiro Wilk test. Results: At the end of one year,25 participants(57restorations) were followed up. The mean ΔE of IPS, EQ, and FU composites were higher than the ES composite resin, but there was no statically significant difference between all types of composites (P> 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean ΔL* between any types of composite resin (p> 0.05). There was a significant change in Δa* and Δb* after a one-year recall for all the types of DCV restorations (p < 0.05). Conclusion: After one year of follow-up, the spectrophotometer measurements of direct resin composite veneer restorations, it was concluded no difference between the mean ΔE of ES, IPS, FU, and EQ resin composite. ES (Microfilled hybrid) showed a lower mean ΔE value compared to the other groups. All groups of resin composite showed color changes within clinically acceptable levels after a one-year follow-up.

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 05 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Stability of Nonlinear Systems of Fractional Order Differential Equations
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In this paper, a sufficient condition for stability of a system of nonlinear multi-fractional order differential equations on a finite time interval with an illustrative example, has been presented to demonstrate our result. Also, an idea to extend our result on such system on an infinite time interval is suggested.

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Publication Date
Fri Sep 01 2017
Journal Name
International Journal Of Science And Research (ijsr)
Favism Clinical Experience in Al-Elwia Pediatric Teaching Hospital in Iraq
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Publication Date
Wed Dec 30 2009
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Effect of Nanocomposites TiO2 addition on the Dielectric Properties of Epoxy resin
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Sheets of Epoxy (EP) resin with addition of TiO2 of grain size (1.5μm, and 50nm) and weight percentage (1%, 3%, and 5%) were prepared. Discs of 20mm diameter and 3mm thickness were cut for dielectric measurements. Dielectric properties (dielectric constant, dispassion factor and electrical conductivity) over the frequency range 102 -106 Hz were measured.
Comparison was made between the effect of micro and nano particles of TiO2 on the dielectric properties of EP composites with different weight percentage. Epoxy composites with micro sized particles of TiO2 were observed to have the better values of dielectric properties.

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 15 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Effect of plasma treatment on some surface properties of acrylic resin polymer
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Background: Polymer surfaces usually present problems in bonding and finishing due to their low hydrophilicity. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of plasma treatment with the use of two types of gases (oxygen and argon) on surface roughness, and chemical surface properties of acrylic resin denture base polymer material. Materials and Methods: Three heat cured acrylic resin specimens of (2*8*30 mm) dimensions were prepared for each test carried out in this study. Two tests were conducted, surface roughness test and chemical surface analysis test. Results: Application of plasma treatment increased surface roughness for both oxygen and argon plasma treated acrylic resin specimen groups compared with control untreated group,

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 06 2011
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The effect of additives metal on the D.C conductivity of epoxy resin
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The present studies are focused on the modification of the properties of epoxy resin with different additives namely aluminum, copper by preparing of composites systems with percentage (20%, 40% and 50%) of the above additives. The experimental results show that the D.C of conductivity on wt% filler content at ( 293-413 ) K electrical conductivity of all above composites increased with temperature for composites with filler contact and find the excellent electrical conductivity of copper and lie between (2.6*10-10 - 2.1*10-10)?.cm . The activation energy of the electrical conductivity is determined and found to decrease with increasing the filler concentration.

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Publication Date
Sat Jun 14 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The effect of thermocycling on microleakage analysis of bulk filled base composite in comparison to incrementally placed nanohybrid composite in class II MOD restorations (An in vitro study)
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Background: The study aim was to evaluate thermocycling effect on microleakage of occlusal and cervical margins of MOD cavity filled with bulk filled composites in comparison to incrementally placed nanohybrid composite and to evaluate the difference in microleakage between enamel and dentin margins for the three materials groups. Materials and method: Forty eight maxillary first premolars were prepared with MOD cavities. Samples were divided into three groups of sixteen teeth according to material used: Grandio: Grandio. SDR: SDR +Grandio. X-tra: X-tra base + Grandio. Each group was subdivided into two according to be thermocycled or not. After 24 hrs immersion in 2% methylene blue, samples weresectioned and microleakage was estimated. Res

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2013
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Combined Action of Zeolite and Chlorinated Rubber as Flame Retardants for Epoxy Resin
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In this work , the effect of chlorinated rubber (additive I), zeolite 3A with chlorinated rubber (additive II), zeolite 4A with chlorinated rubber (additiveIII), and zeolite 5A with chlorinated rubber (additive IV), on flammability for epoxy resin studied, in the weight ratios of (2, 4, 7,10 & 12%) by preparing films of (130x130x3) mm in diameters, three standard test methods used to measure the flame retardation which are ; ASTM : D-2863 , ASTM : D-635 & ASTM : D-3014. Results obtained from these tests indicated that all of them are effective and the additive IV has the highest efficiency as a flame retardant.

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 12 2017
Journal Name
Ibn Al-haitham Journal For Pure And Applied Sciences
The Direct Damaging Effect of Some Agricultural Chemicals Used Locally in Iraq on the DNA of Escherichia coli
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      Agricultural chemicals on a large scale of use throughout the world, and there are many studies about these chemicals and its disadvantages, but most of them were limited to its impact on mammals such as rodents in determine. This study was designed to determine the impact of these chemicals on DNA damage for E. coli bacteria from Iraq. The DNA is similar in terms of structure and function in all living organisms with a different in number and sequence of the nitrogenous bases among living organisms.            This study showed that snails and slugs killer material Metaldehyde are strongly bind with the DNA extracted from bacteria, and herbicides Glyph

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 03 2024
Journal Name
Al-rafidain Journal Of Medical Sciences ( Issn 2789-3219 )
Assessment of Adherence and Self-Efficacy in a Sample of Iraqi Patients Receiving Warfarin or Direct Oral Anticoagulants
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Background: While warfarin and direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) are used to manage thromboembolic events, they possess several features that impact adherence. Objective: To assess medication adherence and self-efficacy in patients receiving warfarin or DOAC treatment. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed at Ibn Al-Bitar Hospital in Baghdad from December 2022 to May 2023 on patients receiving either warfarin or DOACs. The Arabic version of the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS) questionnaire and the Self-Efficacy for Managing Chronic Disease 6-Item Scale (SES6C) questionnaire were used to assess adherence and self-efficacy. Results: 181 patients were enrolled in the study, of whom 56.9% received warfarin an

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 01 2008
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Design and Simulation of GaussianFSK Transmitter in UHF Band Using Direct Modulation of ΣΔ Modulator Fractional-N Synthesizer
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This research involves design and simulation of GaussianFSK transmitter in UHF band using direct modulation of ΣΔ  fractional-N synthesizer with the following specifications:

Frequency range (869.9– 900.4) MHz, data rate 150kbps, channel spacing (500 kHz), Switching time 1 µs, & phase noise @10 kHz = -85dBc.

New circuit techniques have been sought to allow increased integration of radio transmitters and receivers, along with new radio architectures that take advantage of such techniques. Characteristics such as low power operation, small size, and low cost have become the dominant design criteria by which these systems are judged.

A direct modulation by ΣΔ  fractional-N synthesizer is proposed

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