Background: This clinical trial aims to evaluate the color changes of direct resin composite veneer (DCV) restorations based on spectrophotometric analysis of 4 different types of resin composites between the baseline immediately after polishing and after one year of follow-up. Materials and methods: 28 patients were assessed for eligibility for participation, aged between 18 and 38 years old, who indicated for DCV restorations in anterior maxillary teeth were considered for participation in this study. In total, 25 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected (6 males and 19 females, mean age: 20.9 at the time of restoration placement), and 3 patients were excluded. Participants were divided into four groups based on the type of composite resin used for restorations. Group 1 nanohybrid Ips Empress direct (Ivoclar Vivadent)](IPS) (13 restorations/6 patients), group 2 microfilled [Essentia (GC cooperation Japan)](ES) (14 restorations / 7 patients), group 3 supra-nano filled [ Estelite ∑ Quick (Tokuyama, Tokyo, Japan)](EQ) (17 restorations / 7 patients) and group 4 nanofill [Filtek Ultimate (3M ESPE)](FU) (13 restorations / 5 patients). Baseline Color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer immediately after finishing and polishing (baseline), and after one year of recall, color change (ΔE) from baseline values and after one year of follow-up of DCVs were calculated according to CIELab color coordinates. For this, a silicone mold was fabricated for each patient and used as a guide for each measurement to standardize the site of the readings. Statistical analysis of the data was applied using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn-Bonferroni posthoc test after controlling the distribution of data in terms of normality with the Shapiro Wilk test. Results: At the end of one year,25 participants(57restorations) were followed up. The mean ΔE of IPS, EQ, and FU composites were higher than the ES composite resin, but there was no statically significant difference between all types of composites (P> 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean ΔL* between any types of composite resin (p> 0.05). There was a significant change in Δa* and Δb* after a one-year recall for all the types of DCV restorations (p < 0.05). Conclusion: After one year of follow-up, the spectrophotometer measurements of direct resin composite veneer restorations, it was concluded no difference between the mean ΔE of ES, IPS, FU, and EQ resin composite. ES (Microfilled hybrid) showed a lower mean ΔE value compared to the other groups. All groups of resin composite showed color changes within clinically acceptable levels after a one-year follow-up.
This study was conducted to determine the fungal cause and bio control of damping off and root rot of wheat plants by using pseudomonas fluorescens under greenhouse and field conditions. Results showed isolation of eight species from the soil and roots to deferent region of Baghdad government. Rhizoctonia solani (Rs) and Fusarium solani (Fs) were the predominant damping off fungus with frequency 60 and 52% respectively. Led the using of bacteria formulations such as crud suspension , pure bacteria filtration and pure living cells in culture medium inhibit all type fungi with rates ranging from 84-96% , 80- 93% and 75-88% respectively. Rs and Fs were more pathogenesis under greenhouse conditions, with incidence of 80 and 68% and disease s
... Show MoreGas adsorption phenomenon on solid surface has been used as a mean in separation and purification of gas mixture depending on the difference in tendencies of each component in the gas mixture to be adsorbed on the solid surface according to its behaviour. This work concerns to study the possibilities to separate the gas mixture using adsorption-desorption phenomenon on activated carbon. The experimental results exhibit good separation factor at temperature of -40 .
The effect of compound machine on wheat "Tamuz cultivar" was studied based on some technical indicators which were tested under three practical speed (PS) of 2.015, 3.143, and 4.216 km.hr-1 and three tillage depth (TD) of 11, 13, and 15cm. The split-split plot arrangement in RCBD with three replications was used. The results showed that the PS of 2.015km.hr-1 was major best than other two speed in all studied conditions, physical properties (SBD and TSP), mechanical parameters (FD, (DP and LAS), and yield and growth parameters (PVI, BY and HI). The TD of 11cm was major effect to the other two levels TD of 13 and TD of 15cm in all studied conditions. All interactions were significant,
The effect of compound machine on wheat "Tamuz cultivar" was studied based on some technical indicators which were tested under three practical speed (PS) of 2.015, 3.143, and 4.216 km.hr-1 and three tillage depth (TD) of 11, 13, and 15cm. The split-split plot arrangement in RCBD with three replications was used. The results showed that the PS of 2.015km.hr-1 was major best than other two speed in all studied conditions, physical properties (SBD and TSP), mechanical parameters (FD, (DP and LAS), and yield and growth parameters (PVI, BY and HI). The TD of 11cm was major effect to the other two levels TD of 13 and TD of 15cm in all studied conditions. All interactions were significant,
In this research, the degradation of Dazomet has been studied by using thermal Fenton process and photo-Fenton processes under UV and lights sun. The optimum values of amounts of the Fenton reagents have been determined (0.07g FeSO4 .7H2O, 3.5µl H2O2) at 25 °C and at pH 7 where the degradation percentages of Dazomet were recorded high. It has been found that solar photo Fenton process was more effective in degradation of Dazomet than photo-Fenton under UV-light and thermal Fenton processes, the percentage of degradation of Dazomet by photo-Fenton under sun light are 88% and 100% at 249 nm and 281 nm respectively, while the percentages of degradation for photo-Fenton under UV-light are 87%, 96% and for thermal Fenton are 70% and 66.8% at 2
... Show MoreIn this work, microbubble dispersed air flotation technique was applied for cadmium ions removal from wastewater aqueous solution. Experiments parameters such as pH (3, 4, 5, and 6), initial Cd(II) ions concentration (40, 80, and 120 mg/l) contact time( 2, 5, 10 , 15, and 20min), and surfactant (10, 20and 40mg/l) were studied in order to optimize the best conditions .The experimental results indicate that microbubbles were quite effective in removing cadmium ions and the anionic surfactant SDS was found to be more efficient than cationic CTAB in flotation process. 92.3% maximum removal efficiency achieved through 15min at pH 5, SDS surfactant concentration 20mg/l, flow rate250 cm3/min and at 40mg/l Cd(II) ions initial co
... Show MoreThe Present study aims at answering the following questions:
1-What is the level of the teaching style of biology teachers who teach (human and his
health)
2-what is the level of healthy attitude to the teachers of biology who teach (human and his
health).
3- is there any relation between the teaching style of biology teachers who teach (human and
his health)and their student's Ability Mind.
4- is the any relation between the level of the healthy attitude to the teachers of biology who
teach (human and his health).
The researcher made the following for the purpose of answering the question of the study:
1-The card of observing the level of the teaching style (lecture style )to the teachers of
biology
ln this paper we study and analysis the total intensity (P) .and the horizontal component (H) of the geomagnetic field at the location na ly Brazilian Anomaly (Lat 25S, long 4S·"W) in which the geomagnetic field intensity has a minimum value. We examine the relationship. between the { F , H) with altitude at a certain latitude, and
.relationship between ( F,H ) with the latitude at the certain altitude
.We study also the nature of the secular variation of the
... Show More