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12- months color stability of direct resin composite veneers in anterior teeth: Clinical trial
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Background: This clinical trial aims to evaluate the color changes of direct resin composite veneer (DCV) restorations based on spectrophotometric analysis of 4 different types of resin composites between the baseline immediately after polishing and after one year of follow-up. Materials and methods: 28 patients were assessed for eligibility for participation, aged between 18 and 38 years old, who indicated for DCV restorations in anterior maxillary teeth were considered for participation in this study. In total, 25 patients who met the inclusion criteria were selected (6 males and 19 females, mean age: 20.9 at the time of restoration placement), and 3 patients were excluded. Participants were divided into four groups based on the type of composite resin used for restorations. Group 1 nanohybrid Ips Empress direct (Ivoclar Vivadent)](IPS) (13 restorations/6 patients), group 2 microfilled [Essentia (GC cooperation Japan)](ES) (14 restorations / 7 patients), group 3 supra-nano filled [ Estelite ∑ Quick (Tokuyama, Tokyo, Japan)](EQ) (17 restorations / 7 patients) and group 4 nanofill [Filtek Ultimate (3M ESPE)](FU) (13 restorations / 5 patients). Baseline Color measurements were performed with a spectrophotometer immediately after finishing and polishing (baseline), and after one year of recall, color change (ΔE) from baseline values and after one year of follow-up of DCVs were calculated according to CIELab color coordinates. For this, a silicone mold was fabricated for each patient and used as a guide for each measurement to standardize the site of the readings. Statistical analysis of the data was applied using the Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn-Bonferroni posthoc test after controlling the distribution of data in terms of normality with the Shapiro Wilk test. Results: At the end of one year,25 participants(57restorations) were followed up. The mean ΔE of IPS, EQ, and FU composites were higher than the ES composite resin, but there was no statically significant difference between all types of composites (P> 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in the mean ΔL* between any types of composite resin (p> 0.05). There was a significant change in Δa* and Δb* after a one-year recall for all the types of DCV restorations (p < 0.05). Conclusion: After one year of follow-up, the spectrophotometer measurements of direct resin composite veneer restorations, it was concluded no difference between the mean ΔE of ES, IPS, FU, and EQ resin composite. ES (Microfilled hybrid) showed a lower mean ΔE value compared to the other groups. All groups of resin composite showed color changes within clinically acceptable levels after a one-year follow-up.

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 02 2021
Journal Name
Review Of International Geographical Education
Energy Security and Energy Transition in Germany
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Energy is one of the components of the national security of countries and is of particular importance to the industrialized countries, including Germany. Energy policy includes many areas and has an impact on various sectors such as the environment, climate, agriculture and others. During the past few years, Germany has witnessed many transformations, the most important of which is the energy transition towards renewable energy, and it was strengthened in the strategy that was It was developed in 2010, which aims to achieve a long-term energy transformation, and sales of the German energy technology sector have evolved from 2010 to 2020, and this issue is related on the other hand to the concept of energy security and because of its strateg

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Publication Date
Fri Jul 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Reflections informational monitoring in Creative marketing systems
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Abstract:                                                                                                      

         The research aims to measure the impact of infor

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 02 2019
Journal Name
Alanbar Journal
Precarity and Gender Performitivity in Morrison’s Home
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Precarity means the lack of social and economic networks; a considerable exposure to danger and harm. Minority groups are precariat for they lack rights and full citizenship. Precarity is related, states Judith Butler, with the individual’s performativity, and his ability to perform his gender role. Toni Morrison continually goes to past to retell the history of African Americans. The issues of race, gender and national identity are recurrent in her work. Reading her book Home (2012) evokes the idea of precarity and performativity since the two main characters, Frank and Cee are precarious characters that fail to perform their gender role properly, and eventually are exposed to hazard and harm. This research displays how African American

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 12 2019
Journal Name
Dirasat: Human And Social Sciences
Teaching by pause technique in the classroom
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Communication represents the essence of language learning. Since the unspecified evolution of conveying information, human beings have been employing the main constituents of language with short pauses. Although the punctuation marks necessitate short expressions among thought group of words in writing, human language demand for understanding how and when to pause orally. This paper presents the pause technique in the classroom. It signifies the relation between pausing and lecturing in the class and determines its sufficient time-management to interact with college learners of different specializations. The conduct study reviewed teaching pause technique in the empirical studies at Special Education and Communication Disorders of Pennsylva

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 07 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
Problems Facing University Students in Distance Learning
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The current study aims to examine the level of problems faced by university students in distance learning, in addition to identify the differences in these problems in terms of the availability of internet services, gender, college, GPA, interactions, academic cohort, and family economic status. The study sample consisted of (3172) students (57.3% females). The researchers developed a questionnaire with (32) items to measure distance learning problems in four areas: Psychological (9 items), academic (10 items), technological (7 items), and study environment (6 items). The responses are scored on a (5) point Likert Scale ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Means, standard deviations, and Multivariate Analysis of Vari

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2015
Journal Name
Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction
Mandibular Fractures in Iraq: An Epidemiological Study
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of the mandibular fractures relating to gender, age, the etiology of injury, and the rendered treatment modalities and complications. The data of the patients who sustained mandibular fractures were retrieved and were analyzed retrospectively, and based on these data a descriptive analysis was conducted. A total of 112 patients were included in this study; the most common cause was road traffic accidents (RTAs) followed by assaults and missile injuries. The most frequently involved age group was 11 to 20 years, treatment modalities included conservative, closed reduction and indirect fixation, and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) in 11.6, 79.5, and 8.9%

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 02 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Craniofacial Surgery
Maxillofacial Trauma in Females: A Retrospective Study
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Maxillofacial trauma in females is not widely reported. This study aimed to analyze the clinical characteristics and the patterns of maxillofacial injuries in females and to determine the differences in these patterns among different causes. This retrospective study analyzed several variables, including demographic, social, injury-related, and treatment-related variables, and compared these variables in relation to the main etiologies of maxillofacial trauma. The main etiologies of maxillofacial injuries involving females were assault, followed by road traffic accidents, and falls. There were significant differences in relation to the 3 etiologies in age groups (P= 0.002) and marital status (<

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 01 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Requirements for achieving financial balance in Iraq
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The deficit of the federal budget and the structural imbalances suffered by the Iraqi economy has affected the direction of research towards suggesting steps and mechanisms can be relied upon in the near term to form a broader base of non-oil revenues aimed at achieving a balanced budget, and to proceed to reform the financial situation, In reducing their financial dictates, whether capital or operational, which lead to significant financial and economic consequences. This also requires that the Iraqi political elite have the real will, strategic vision and full awareness that the implementation of these reforms has potential social and economic effects, with long-term measures to be taken. The aim is not only to reform the finan

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 15 2023
Journal Name
Al-academy
Aesthetic Values in Contemporary Daqi-zhou Ceramucs
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The current research deals with an analytical study of the ceramic works of one of the most important Japanese cities in the ceramics industry, which is the city (Dachi-Cho), which is characterized by a special and unique style from the rest of the other Japanese cities, as it uses special techniques for its potters and the families to which they belong, such as the technique of grafting and neriage. And printing graphics on ceramic pots. These and other techniques have spread in various countries of Asia and Europe, all the way to America, and transformations and revolutions have begun in these techniques until they have reached the point of absurdity. With all this scientific and technological development, the city (Dachi-Chu) remained

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Publication Date
Wed Aug 30 2023
Journal Name
Mathematical Modelling Of Engineering Problems
Dynamic Low Power Clustering Strategy in MWSN
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