Background: The irradiation of teeth with a laser results in an interaction between the light and the biological constituents of the dental hard substance, which is converted directly into heat.This thermal effect is the cause of the structural and chemical enamel changes.The combined treatment of topical fluoride agent with laser may increase fluoride uptake, and reduce progression of caries-like lesions. The aim of this study was to measure the uptake of the acidulated phosphate fluoride and sodium fluoride to the buccal and lingual caries-like lesion enamel surfaces before and after irradiated by Nd-YAG laser in comparison with matching control group. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of 30 human healthy upper premolar teeth which were stored in 0.1% thymol solution after extracted. Every tooth divided into: buccal and lingual specimen, each specimen has a rectangular window which was divided to right and left halves (120 specimens). The sample was divided into 2groups (60 specimens) for buccal surface, and the same for lingual surface. The caries-like lesion was formed for all groups except control (1) each group treated with either acidulated phosphate fluoride 1.23% or sodium fluoride 2%, (30 specimens) which contain other subgroups, these are: (10 specimens) one half treated with fluoride agent only and another half as control (first group as control (1) without caries-like lesion, and the second group control (2) with caries-like lesion, then de-ionized water only). (10 specimens) treated with fluoride agent then irradiated by Nd-YAG laser; one half with program (1) (short pulse), andanother with program (2) (long pulse). (10 specimens) irradiated by Nd-YAG laser; one half with program (1) and another with program (2) then treated with fluoride agent. The specimens of enamel were sectioned and the fluoride uptake was determined with using fluoride sensitive electrode. Results: There was a significant difference between the buccal and lingual enamel surfaces regarding the fluoride uptake in sound tooth, while a non- significant difference was observed after artificial caries-like lesion formation. Conclusion: Irradiation of Nd-YAG laser program (1) to the buccal and lingual caries-like lesion surfaces of enamel before application of fluoride agents (APF, NaF) was significantly increase fluoride uptake than that of using laser after the application of fluoride agent, as well as from using laser of program (2) after and before the application of fluoride agent, and from using fluoride agent alone in the buccal and lingual surfaces.
Some geological phenomena as landslides and the mobilization of the accumulated rocks or soil are discussed in this research by using projectiles that cause mobility and falling of these land masses which are present at the top of mountains and edges of roads and streets to avoid accidents and human disasters which will occur if they are left falling by effect of climate or vibrating factors that are produced by performing dams, bridges and reservoirs. According to the different divisions of land masses groups, primary and secondary, which depend on type of movement and material arrangement that form the mobile masses, this research had shown the effect of projectiles for every type of cannons on the mobility of every groups of these rocks
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The New Schiff base ligand 4,4'-[(1,1'-Biphenyl)-4,4'-diyl,bis-(azo)-bis-[2-Salicylidene thiosemicarbazide](HL)(BASTSC)and its complexes with Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, electronic, FTIR, magnetic susceptibility measurements. The analytical and spectral data showed, the stiochiometry of the complexes to be 1:1 (metal: ligand). FTIR spectral data showed that the ligand behaves as dibasic hexadentate molecule with (N, S, O) donor sequence towards metal ions. The octahedral geometry for Co(II), Ni(II), and Cu(II) complexes and non electrolyte behavior was suggested according to the analysis data.
This paper describes the development of a simple spectrophotometric determination of bismuth III with 4-(2-pyridylazo) resorcinol (PAR) in aqueous solution in the presence of cetypyridinium chloride surfactant at pH 5 which exhibits maximum absorption at 532 nm. Beer's law is obeyed over the range 5-200 µg/25 mL. i.e. 0.2-8 ppm with a molar absorptivity of 3×104 l.mol-1.cm-1 and Sandell's sensitivity index of 0.0069 µg.cm-2. The method has been applied successfully in the determination of Bi (III) in waters and veterinary preparation.
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Metal complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Cd(II), Zn(II), Hg(II), Pd(II), and Pt(II) with Schiff base ligand (LH) derived from 2,5-dichloroaniline and 2-hydroxy-5-metheylbenzalaldehyde were synthesized and characterized using a variety of spectrophotometric techniques The findings of the spectroscopic analysis indicated that (LH) behaved as a binary coordinating agent to the metal ion by the N and O atoms, and the geometry shape of the complexes was octahedral, with the exception of the Pd and Pt complexes, which had a square planar geometry. Using the DPPH radical scavenging method, we investigated the antimicrobial activity of the compound against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli, as well as the antifungal activity of t
... Show MoreThe present study envisaged utilizing 4-aminoantipyrine as key intermediate for the synthesis of some new derivatives bearing anti-bacterial and anti-cancer activities moieties viz., antipyrine diazenyl benzaldehydes 2(ad) which were obtained by coupling of diazotized 4-aminoantipyrine (1) with substituted benzaldehydes at 0◦C (iced) temperature. The other antipyrine derivatives where containing bis heterocycles like bis thiazolidinone-antipyrine (4), bis imidazolidinone -antipyrine (5) and bis azetidinone -antipyrine (6).These compounds were prepared through the reaction between 4- aminoantipyrine and terephthaldicarboxaldehyde to get (3) which were reacted with mercaptoacetic acid , glycine or chloroacetyl chloride separately to get com
... Show MoreDifferences in transversal sections and activities of geomorphological operations led to forming geomorphological shapes as river turns and river isles in watercourse in the area of study. The study showed three river turns that are Sindia turn with length 4723m, turn wave 3599 average width 267.6, Zanbour turn length 11374m, turn wave 7110 average width 307.5m,and Dojama turn with length 5876m, turn wave 4982m average width 313.4m. This difference is caused by the activity of erosion and sedimentation that led to the appearance of the length rivers turn.
The study showed that the turn of Dojama is the only corresponding turn, whereas the phenomena of corresponding never appeared in other turns in the area of study. The study also sho