Background: Pregnancy is considered a major risk factor for development and progression of periodontal disease. There are hormonal changes in both estrogen and progesterone hormones in addition to bacterial effect and poor oral hygiene that will enhance development of periodontal disease in pregnant women. Materials and methods: Seventy subjects were enrolled in the study, the subjects with an age range (20-35) years old without any history of systemic disease. The subjects were divided into 20 non-pregnant women they represent the control group (G I), 30 pregnant women with gingivitis (GII) and 20 pregnant women with periodontitis (GIII).All periodontal parameters (plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level) were recorded and 5ml of unstimulated saliva was collected for each subject. The collected saliva was centrifuged and clear supernatant was collected and kept frozen until biochemical analysis of salivary enzymes which included ALP, LDH and salivary Calcium. Results: No significant difference in the mean value of salivary ALP between GI and G II, while there is high significant difference between GI and GIII. There was significant difference in the salivary LDH and Ca levels between control group and group II, while there is highly significant difference of salivary LDH and Ca between group I and group III.There was significant difference in the number of bleeding sites, and probing pocket depth (PPD) among all groups. There was increase in the total number of all scores of PPD (score 1,2 and 3) GII and GIII compared to GI. Conclusions: Thepregnant women revealed more periodontal disease conditions (gingivitis and periodontitis) due to hormonal changes superimposed with microbial infection. Salivary enzymes (ALP, LDH) and salivary calcium are considered as good biochemical markers of periodontal tissue destruction and can be used to evaluate the effect of pregnancy on periodontal health status.
In the last decades, using mineral admixture in concrete became very necessary to improve concrete properties and reduce CO2 emissions associated with the cement production process. Subsequently, more sustainable concrete can be obtained. Ternary blended cement containing two different types of mineral admixture can achieve ambitious steps in this trend. In this research, the synergic effects of mineral admixtures in ternary blended cement and its effects on concrete fresh properties, strength, durability, and efficiency factors of mineral admixture in ternary blended cement, were reviewed. The main conclusion reached after reviewing many literature pieces is that the concrete with ternary blended cement
... Show MoreObjective: To assess nurses' exposure to hospitals chronic diseases hazards in Thi-Qar governorate, and to identify the association between nurses' socio-demographic characteristics of age, sex, marital status, place of work, the experience and educational attainment and their exposure to the hazards of chronic diseases. Methodology: A purposive "non-probability" sample of (433) nurses who were selected from four public hospitals in Thi-qar governorate for the period from November 4th 2013 to June 8th of 2014. Results: The study results indicated that that the vast majority of participants have mild chronic di
Background: Prolactin is a hormone, as well as a cytokine which is synthesized and secreted from the anterior pituitary gland and various extra pituitary sites including immune cells under control of a superdistal promoter that contains a single nucleotide polymorphism -1149 G/T. Rheumatoid Arthritis has been associated with increased serum prolactin levels.Objectives: To investigate the association of the extra pituitary -1149 G/T promoter polymorphism among Iraqi rheumatoid arthritis patients and prolactin levels.Methods: We tested 73 patients with rheumatoid arthritis and 40 healthy individuals. The DNA samples were genotyped using the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction fragment Length Polymorphism method and the levels of prolacti
... Show MoreAbstract: Objectives: The lowest dose of bromocriptine, necessary for suppression of lactation in rats, was estimated in this investigation. Methodology: Fifty healthy lactating rats were treated with different doses of bromocriptine. Cessation of lactation was assessed clinically and histologically. Results: Revealed that the lowest dose capable of lactation suppression is 4 mg bromocriptine / kg body wt. / day. It is very important to know the exact dose, which can suppress lactation in rats because these laboratory animals are commonly employed in experiments concerning this topic. Key words: Bromoci
The study aimed to build a suggested conception for employing gamification in teaching the general education curricula. Using the analytical method of the previous analytical studies in Teaching, which agreed with the determinants of the analysis of 20 studies from 2014 to 2019, they come on order: points, badges, leaderboards, and then levels. The four most commonly used theories are the theory of self-determination, flow theory, the theory of planned behavior and social theory. In addition, the researcher identified the most commonly used models in gamification, respectively: the ARCS model and the user-based design model. Based on the results of the analysis and using the descriptive approach, the researcher presented a practical perc
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This paper follows the growing interest and continuity of Islamic finance products worldwide, which has encouraged the formulation of financial institutions based on the concepts of Islamic Sharia in many countries of the world and is no longer limited to Islamic countries only, and Not exclusive to Muslims which is due to Islamic finance services and their ability to apply in non-Islamic societies, and perhaps what encouraged the development and progress of this industry Islamic history, which was attended by many different models With the development of trade's share between different countries as well as trips carried out by Muslims
... Show MoreThis paper examines the most important historical knowledge and knowledge of the Arabs in the pre-Islamic era based on the Holy Quran, which is the oldest and most reliable Arab Islamic sources recorded at all, as a major source of this study, to ensure a great interest in history, especially the news of the prophets, and the positions of their nations Some of them, as well as some of the news of the old Arab people such as Aad and Thamud and the owners of the elephant and others, and some of which are repeated in several Quranic fence and various methods of presentation, cited as a lesson and exhortation to the Arab opponents of Islam and a reminder of what befell the peoples of the world B relict of doom to discredit them the apostles
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There is no doubt that the achievement of the manuscripts of There is no doubt various of situations for performing a duty , The diversity of stimuli in humans with sensory, unconscious and instinct sensitive systems. Which leads to a diversity of feelings, sensations, emotions and feelings, This therefore requires different types of function linguistic structures indication , Of that linguistic potential that God willing to be unique, In the function of discharging and venting those feelings and emotions that are raised by its various stimuli, which are only needs and psychological and biological purposes require verification and access and gain it. S
... Show MoreIn this study, the sonochemical degradation of phenol in water was investigated using two types of ultrasonic wave generators; 20 kHz ultrasonic processor and 40 kHz ultrasonic cleaner bath. Mineralization rates were determined as a function of phenol concentration, contact time, pH, power density, and type of ultrasonic generator. Results revealed that sonochemical degradation of the phenol conversion was enhanced at increased applied power densities and acidic conditions. At 10 mg/L initial concentration of phenol, pH 7, and applied power density of 3000 W/L, the maximum removal efficiency of phenol was 93% using ultrasonic processor at 2h contact time. Whereby, it was 87% using and ultrasonic cleaner bath at 16h contact time and 150 W
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