Background: Epithelial salivary gland tumours are relatively uncommon and constitute a wide spectrum of variable morphologic and biologic entities. The cell proliferation / death balance is most important in the development of salivary gland tumours. The aim of this study was to examine the expression of PCNA protein immunohistochemically and Bax mRNA gene using in situ hybridization techniques and to correlate between the clinicopathological features of salivary gland tumours with the expressions of PCNA protein and Bax mRNA. Materials and Methods: Forty nine formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue blocks of epithelial salivary gland tumours were used in this study. Haematoxylin and Eosin stain was used for reassessment of the histopathologic diagnosis. The cell proliferation activity was examined by proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) immunohistochemistry and proapoptotic cell death Bax mRNA gene was analysed by in situ hybridization techniques. Results: Immunohistochemical analysis show high expression of PCNA and was noted in 8 of 12 pleomorphic adenoma cases (66.67%), 15 of 19 adenoid cystic carcinoma cases (78.95 %), 6 of 7 mucoepidermoid carcinoma cases (85.71%), and 3 of 5 adenocarcinoma case (60 %). Significant difference was found between labeling index of benign and malignant salivary gland tumours, while no significant relationship was noted in labeling index between adenoid cystic carcinoma and mucoepidermoid carcinoma neither between mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma. In situ hybridization detection show low expression of Bax and was noted in only 3 cases of pleomorphic adenoma cases (25%), 10 cases in adenoid cystic carcinoma cases (52.63 %), however, mucoepidermoid carcinoma showed high expression of these markers than other salivary gland tumours, whereas adenocarcinoma show equal number of cases expressed both PCNA protein and Bax mRNA. No significant relationship was demonstrated between the immunostaining PCNA or Bax and the morphological growth pattern or patient clinical profile. Positive significant correlation was found between PCNA and Bax mRNA in pleomorphic adenoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cases. Conclusion: The high proliferative rate could explain the natural course of these tumours and the decreased expression of bax in salivary gland tumours indicate that loss of bax expression might give the tumour cells a double growth advantage because uncontrolled proliferation is combined with reduce cell death rate. The interaction may trigger a multistep process which is able to promote and may play a role in salivary gland tumour genesis, possibly by inhibiting the apoptosis mediated by Bax.
A simple, environmentally benign, sustainable, accurate and cost effective green approach has been developed for the determination of Acrylamide (2-propenamide) in different samples of potato chips collected from the Iraqi market during the year 2012 and a traditional Iraqi meal called Harissa. The method entails a straightforward de-fatting practice with n-hexane, extraction with lukewarm water, and cleanup with solid-phase extraction (SPE) cartridges containing the sorbent bed of the mixed mode ion exchangers (SiliaPrep C8/SCX-2/SAX). The final extracts are directly determined by liquid chromatography-Ultra violet (LC-UV) at a wavelength of 205nm for quantification. The acrylamide content in the examined potato chips were in the
... Show MoreObjective(s): The aim of the study was to identify the prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescence and
to estimate the effect of socio- demographic and health behaviors that predicting obesity in adolescents.
Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study was being carried out at three public Arabic secondary
schools in Erbil city from October 1
st 2010 to January 30th 2011. A systematic randomly sample size of 461 students
was selected.
Results: In this study, the age of (46.2%, 122) of males students were ranged between (17- 18.9) years old compared
to females students (74.1%, 146) their age ranged between (15 -16.9) years old. About (3.4%, 9) of males
adolescents having overweight while all female ado
The person who wants to learn. The history of Bab’is will notice a very
starnge phenomenon that they (Babis and Baha’is) resort to visions to prove their
delusion.
The believers usually reach to each other by their visions. This phenomenon
are shared among them from Al- Ahsa’ai time till the last phase of their propaganda
which is the Baha’is propaganda, and this is due to their ignorance and under
development in doctrine of islam which was widespread in Iran and the Islamic world.
The whole secrets of Babis and Baha’is movement were restricted among
particular group, most of them were Al- Rashti’s students and knew the basic
principles of their movement which deperding or (the principles) declarati
There is a natural problem raised by the issue of media performance. As a separate activity and express its own capabilities. This problem can be framed in the form of a question: Is media performance merely a reflection of the activity of other sectors of society, especially political and economic, and what links them to other societal sectors of interrelated relations? Is the media limited to mere transfer, or is it an industry with its own mechanisms and rules? The answer may seem somewhat complicated if we handle media with research and study in general, but the issue may be less complicated when it comes to Arab media, because its data may add another setback to the overall Arab setbacks.
Despite the history of Baghdad city extends into a long history, most of the contemporary buildings of Baghdad have been shaped in the era of modernity. Furthermore, most of the buildings of modernity in Baghdad are types of modernity buildings in Iraq as a whole, and due to all the joints of change and development are taking place in Iraq starts from Baghdad. Accordingly, all selected buildings, which would be presented as case studies of modernity will be exclusively in Baghdad. Although the importance of this significant modernist product, which represents the identity of Baghdad, which should be preserved by the renewal and preservation policies, the problem of research was emerged as follow: new fin
... Show MoreThe research aims to focus on the human rights guarantees as they are subjected to continuous violations due to changes, wars and conflicts between nations and people, especially in the Arab world and the third world due to political, social, economic and environmental conditions and the failure of democratic tracks under the current reality.
Keyword: Human rights, Reality, Ambition.
The development issue is considered as one of the most important matters of concern to governments, intellectuals and specialists in the contemporary world, especially in developing countries that are trying hard to move out of the afflicting underdevelopment domain to a brighter future and achieve the aspirations of those countries through organized planning which take advantage of available resources, whether material or humanitarian, in the best way possible.
The development process are taking place at multiple levels ranging from national to regional to local where the community is stimulated and excited for the cooperation, participation and preparation to perform planned change in the methods of thinking, acting and production.<
Melatonin, a hormone synthesized mainly by the pineal gland, has been found in extra-pineal organs as well. It’s known as an organizer of circadian rhythms and more recently as an anti-oxidant. In addition to its role in maintaining immunity, pathophysiology of cardiovascular and neurological diseases, and as an anti-cancer agent, evidence has demonstrated that melatonin exerts a positive impact on male and female fertility primarily through oxygen scavenging effects. In In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) programs, supplementation of melatonin may be associated with better outcomes in terms of sperm quality, oocyte quality, embryo quality and pregnancy rates. This review summarizes various actions of melatonin on the body focusing on ma
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