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The impact of various staining substances and immersion time on the stainability of bonded sapphire brackets with three kinds of light cure orthodontic adhesives (An in-vitro study)
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Background: The need of the patient for a more reasonable esthetic orthodontic intervention has risen nowadays. Thus, orthodontists make use of esthetic orthodontic materials like brackets, ligature elastics, and arch wires. The esthetic brackets come as different forms of materials, such as ceramic brackets, which have their stainability remaining as the most important consideration for the patients and the orthodontists. This study aimed to compare the staining effects of various staining materials, including black tea, cigarette smoke and Pepsi, as well as the time effect on the color stability of sapphire ceramic brackets bonded with three kinds of light cure orthodontic adhesives: Transbond, Resilience and Enlight. Materials and Methods: Three hundred sixty sapphire brackets were utilized and divided into three different groups (120 brackets per group) based on the type of bonding material. Each group was further subdivided into four subgroups (30 brackets each) based on the media in which the brackets were fully immersed, including distilled water, black tea, cigarette smoke and Pepsi. Moreover, each of these subgroups were further subdivided, based on the time of immersion relative to each media, into 3 different smaller subgroups (10 brackets each): one day, 7 days and 14 days with incubation at 37°C. A UV-visible type of spectrophotometer was utilized in order to perform a light absorption test. ANOVA and post hoc LSD tests were used for comparison. Results: The smoke of cigarette appeared to be the highest potent staining type among the tested materials followed by Pepsi and tea. The staining effects of all kinds of staining materials in relation to the bonded brackets color with all adhesive types were raised with increased time of immersion. Conclusion: The patient’s cooperation and habits should be taken into consideration when using sapphire orthodontic brackets. In addition, the patients should be instructed to decrease the consumption of staining beverages. Keywords: Stainability, staining materials, sapphire brackets.

 

 

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 01 2013
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Using Time Series Methods To Modify The Seasonal Variations in the Consumer Price Index
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     As is  known that the consumer price index (CPI) is one of the most important  price indices because of its direct effect on the welfare of the individual and his living.

       We have been address the problem of Strongly  seasonal  commodities in calculating  (CPI) and identifying some of the solution.

   We have  used an actual data  for a set of commodities (including strongly seasonal commodities) to calculate the index price by using (Annual Basket With Carry Forward Prices method) . Although this method can be successfully used in the context of seasonal&nbs

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 29 2024
Journal Name
International Journal Of Heat And Technology
The Effect of Wall'S Porous Liner on MHD Couette Flow of Carreau Fluid in an Inclined Channel under the Convective Conditions
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Publication Date
Mon Mar 08 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The role of sialic acid in the immune response of patients with acute leukemia Almufaawi the subject and is on treatment Alkamiawi this
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The focus of this research revolves around the importance level of sialic acid in the reasoning of cases, including tumors and then evaluate the patient's response to treatment and its impact on the immune response there are a lot of evidence showing that parts Alkrbu ???????? in peptides sugary and glycoproteins play an important role in Alfalitin life and responsiveness

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Publication Date
Mon Apr 15 2013
Journal Name
Eng. & Tech. Journal,
Assessment the Impact of Different Hydrated Lime Addition Methods on Fatigue Life Characteristic
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of hydrated lime addition methods as filler replacement on fatigue performance of Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA). Three types of addition methods of hydrated lime were introduced namely dry HL on dry aggregate and saturated surface aggregate above 3% and slurry HL on dry aggregate, ordinary Lime stone powder was reduced by three HL percentage (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 %). The effect of different methods were investigated on the fatigue properties of HMA using, third-point flexural fatigue bending Test. Pneumatic Repeated Load System (PRLS) was carried out to establish the effect of hydrated lime on the fatigue failure criteria and to select the proper hydrated lime application methods on fatigue behavior o

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 20 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
THE IMPACT OF MANAGEMENT CONTROL SYSTEMS (MCS) ON ORGANIZATIONS PERFORMANCE A LITERATURE REVIEW
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The impact of management control systems (MCS) on organizations performance empirical research has been the subject of numerous studies during the past decade in developed and emerging economies. In the contemporary competitive, complex and changing global business environment, firms are being challenged to adopt business models that enable them to address the strategic uncertainties and risks they face in their business environments. The main issue of this study is that management accounting researchers argue that one of the ways firms can continually rejuvenate themselves to survive and succeed in these complex and uncertain environments is to understand the role of management control systems in Formulating a b

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Publication Date
Tue Jun 15 2021
Journal Name
Al-academy
The impact of postmodern era art movements on graphic design: بشار شامل الخفاجي
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In the postmodern era, the graphic design styles showed a new visualization method when the graphic designers had changed the traditional conditions by using design elements with new technics for photos, collage and comics illustration. The researcher assumes that the graphic design styles were affected by the art's movement at that period throw the same perspective of view for the concept presented in the art pieces and their entire message. Therefore, the researcher chooses field was the period of 1945-1970 in the USA for the (pop-art and conceptual-art) and explored the main visual effects that expressed the visual dialogue and compared them with the most common design styles ant the same period and location, the results of selected e

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Publication Date
Wed Jun 17 2026
Journal Name
Al-fatih Journal
Impact exercises sense of the power arm in the level of performance skill in basketball clapotement
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أن كرة السلة بما تتضمنه من مهارات حركية متنوعة تتطلب من ممارسيها امتلاك عدد من القدرات الحركية الخاصة وبشكل خاص التوافق العضلي العصبي والرشاقة والقوة المميزة بالسرعة، فضلاعن قدرات الإدراك الحس- حركي (إدراك المكان وقوة دفع الكرة سواء بالطبطبة العالية أو الواطئة .... الخ ) لذا تكمن أهمية البحث في إيجاد الطرق والوسائل التي تطور قدرة الطالبة على إدراك قوة دفع الكرة والإحساس بها أثناء تعلم وتدريب الطبطبة بأنواعها ب

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Publication Date
Fri Jan 01 2021
Journal Name
Special Exercises For Offensive Tactical Skills And Their Impact On Developing The Speed And Accuracy Of Some Basic Skills In Youth Football
SPECIAL EXERCISES FOR OFFENSIVE TACTICAL SKILLS AND THEIR IMPACT ON DEVELOPING THE SPEED AND ACCURACY OF SOME BASIC SKILLS IN YOUTH FOOTBALL
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Scopus
Publication Date
Thu Mar 19 2026
Journal Name
Journal Of Petroleum Research And Studies
Preparation and Characterization of Sulfated Zirconia-HY Zeolite Catalyst Supported with Pt Metal for Light Naphtha Isomerization
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Platinum (Pt) supported on sulfated zirconia (SZ) and HY-zeolite as a solid acid catalyst was synthesized successfully for isomerization reaction using precipitation and impregnation method. The physicochemical properties of the catalyst were characterized using various techniques including X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transformation infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), BET Surface area and pore volume, and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM).  The prepared composite catalyst Pt/SZ-HY consisted of high Bronsted acidic sites and Lewis acidic sites. The addition of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to SZ increased the surface area and pore volume, resulting in smaller crystal sizes and a narrower particle size dist

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Publication Date
Tue May 28 2024
Journal Name
Journal Of Optics
Study of the optical properties of aluminum films and the effect of current frequency on plasma parameters
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