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Effect of different bracket types on streptococcus mutans count in orthodontic patients using fluoridated toothpaste
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Background: Plaque retention during fixed orthodontic therapy is an important cause of developing enamel demineralization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of different brackets types on the count of Streptococcus Mutans in orthodontic patients using conventional fluoridated toothpaste. Materials and Methods: Plaque samples were collected from maxillary 1st premolar teeth of twenty right handed patients (using split mouth technique) before bonding, after 48 hrs of bonding using tooth brush only, and after 2 weeks of using fluoridated toothpaste. Stainless steel bracket was bonded on right first premolar while the left one was bonded with sapphire bracket. The calculation of the Streptococcus Mutans count was done using the plate counting method utilizing colony counter. The differences between the two types of brackets were determined using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test. Results: The median bacterial count on the right side was insignificantly higher than the left side; streptococcus mutans in the plaque sample around the sapphire brackets showed insignificantly less counts than around the stainless steel one, when the patients used tooth brush only or fluoridated toothpastes. Fluoridated toothpastes reduced streptococcus mutans insignificantly around both types of brackets. Conclusion: Fluoridated toothpaste acts effectively in reducing streptococcus mutans colony counts around sapphire and stainless steel brackets. Keywords: Streptococcus mutans, Stainless steel brackets, Sapphire brackets.

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Publication Date
Sat Aug 16 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Studies And Researches Of Sport Education
The effect of using the educational bag on the level of learning some offensive skills with the epee weapon
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Publication Date
Tue Jan 02 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effect of Using Brainstorming Technique on the Essay Writing and Self- regulation Learning of the Iraqi Secondary Students
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         This study investigated the effect of using brainstorming as a teaching technique on the students’ performance in writing different kinds of essays and self regulation among the secondary students. The total population of this study, consisted of (51) female students of the 5th Secondary grade in Al –kawarzmi School in Erbil during the academic year 2015-2016. The chosen sample consisted of 40 female students, has been divided into two groups. Each one consists of (20) students to represent the experimental group and the control one. Brainstorming technique is used to teach the experimental group, and the conventional method is used to teach the control group. The study inst

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Publication Date
Wed May 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Using Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity Test to Assess the Effect of Water-Cement Ratio on the Compressive Strength of Concrete
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This study aims to find the effect of water-cement ratio on the compressive strength of concrete by using ultrasonic pulse velocity test (UPVT). Over 230 standard cube specimens were used in this study, with dimensions of 150mm, and concrete cubes were cured in water at 20 °C. Also, the specimens used in the study were made of concrete with varied water-cement ratio contents from 0.48 to 0.59. The specimens were taken from Diyarbakir-Turkey concrete centers and tested at the structure and material science lab, civil engineering, faculty of engineering from Dicle University.  The UPV measurement and compressive strength tests were carried out at the concrete age of 28 days. Their UPV and compressive strength ranged

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2023
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
Protective Effect of Cafestol on Doxorubicin-induced Genotoxicity in Rats
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Doxorubicin is an efficient antineoplastic agent that has a broad antitumour spectrum; however, its genotoxic adverse effects on normal cells can be produced through oxidative damage, and this limits its clinical application. Cafestol is a naturally-occurring diterpene in unfiltered coffee with noteworthy antioxidant, antimutagenic and anti-inflammatory activities.

The present study aimed to investigate the possible protective effect of cafestol against doxorubicin-induced chromosomal and DNA damage in rat bone marrow cells. Wistar

Albino rats of both sexes were administered cafestol (5mg/kg body weight once

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Publication Date
Sun Dec 05 2010
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of vincristine and vinblastine on mice spermatozoa in vitro
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The aim of this project was to study the in vitro effect of antineoplastic drugs (vincristine and vinblastine) on mice spermatozoa. Eighteen adult (age 8-9 weeks) male mice were divided into three groups equally. The animals in each group were slain by cervical dislocation, the testes were removed and two tails of epididymides isolated. Spermatozoa were obtained from the two tails of epididymides by mincing in 500 µl TCM-199.The first group non-treated (unadded) as a control group, second group added 10 µg/ml of vincristine to TCM-199 and the third group added 10 µg/ml of vinblastine to TCM-199. After 10 minutes from added of vincristine and vinblastin measured the following test: spermatozoa activity, percentage dead spermatozoa and mor

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Publication Date
Wed Oct 25 2023
Journal Name
College Of Islamic Sciences
The effect of fainting on a person’s behavior in (worship)
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The Messengers and the Imam of the God-fearing, Muhammad is God, his family, and all of his companions. As for what comes after... Fainting is one of the involuntary symptoms and states that occur to a person when carrying out his life’s tasks suddenly due to his loss of sense and movement, so he loses consciousness for a period of time that is short or may be long, and the person is held accountable and responsible for every moment of his life. He is required to perform duties specified by Sharia law, such as prayer, fasting, and Hajj...and fainting prevents him from performing these actions. We must consider the opinions of jurists and know the legal implications resulting from it. It was said that a person has a capacity that enable

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 31 2016
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
The Effect of In-situ Stress on Hydraulic Fractures Dimensions
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Understanding of in-situ stress profiles and orientations plays a vital role in designing a successful hydraulic fracturing treatment. This paper is an attempet to examine the effect of lithology and in situ stress on geometery of hydraulic fractures. A hydraulic fracturing design simulator software called FracproPT with various capabilities for designing most of hydraulic fracture was used for  simulate and optimize the hydraulic fracturing. For studying purpose,  three different cases of stress gradient contrast between different formations  are considered in this study (0.4, 0.5 and 0.75 psi/ft). The results obtained from the simulator showed that  lithologies surrounding the pay zone have an effect on the fracture

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Plant Archives
Effect of some sugars on carbapenemase gene expression in Pseudomonasaeruginosa
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Forty eight isolates (41.02%) were obtained from 117 wound and burn samples. The isolates that showed high resistance for both antibiotic was two only that represent 4,1% from all isolates. The result of PCR product electrophoresis was referred that the gene is VIM gene. Lactose and raffinose showed double increasing in diameter of inhibition zone of imipenem with 1% that mean showed highest susceptibility that decreased with the concentration increasing, the same result were with meropenem. But no effect were detected on meropenem inhibition zone diameter. Mannose have no effect on the resistance in 1%, 3% and 7%. Results showed that only three case that increase the expression of gene, they were lactose at 1% concentration that increased

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Publication Date
Thu May 31 2012
Journal Name
Al-khwarizmi Engineering Journal
Effect of Stiffeners on Shear Lag in Steel Box Girders
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This paper studies the effects of stiffeners on shear lag in steel box girders with stiffened flanges. A three-dimensional linear finite element analysis using STAAD.Pro V8i program has been employed to evaluate and determine the actual top flange stress distribution and effective width in steel box girders. The steel plates of the flanges and webs have been modeled by four-node isoparametric shell elements, while the stiffeners have been modeled as beam elements. Different numbers (4, 8, and 15) for the steel stiffeners have been used in this study to establish their effects on the shear lag and longitudinal stresses in the flange. Using stiffeners reduced the magnitude of the top flange longitudinal stresses about 40%, but did

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Publication Date
Sun Feb 10 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
Effect Repetition of Anticyclone and on thermal characteristic in Iraq
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Anticyclone of synoptic studies that influence weather and climate of Iraq, The aim of
the study is to clarify the effect variation of repetition of Anticyclone and effect on thermal
characteristic in Iraq were pressure level has been analyzed (1000) millibars and that because
of pressure level is the closet to the earth surface and the clarity of climatic phenomenon
based on a systematic analysis of synoptic seeking maps and observation and (12:00)
according to timing GMT for five climatic stations which is (Mosul, Kirkuk, Baghdad, Rutba,
and Basra) and so far three consecutive climatic cycles which is first climatic cycle for period
(1986-1976). and second climatic cycle for period (1997-1987) and third climatic cy

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