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Assessment of the Color Stability of Clear Elastomeric Ligatures (An In Vivo Study)
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Background: The desire for an attractive appearing fixed orthodontic appliance fueled the use of ceramic brackets and clear accessories. Elastics are one of the most versatile materials available to orthodontists so studying their effect on the esthetic appearance is important. This an in vivo study, conducted to evaluate the effect of exposing stretched clear elastomeric ligatures to the oral environment from four different companies (OrthoTechnology, Morelli, Ortho Organizer, and Ormco). Materials and Methods: A total of 240 elastomeric modules were examined, 60 modules from each brand. Each of the 60 patients enrolled in the study, received 4 elastomeric modules on the 4 lower incisors, one from each brand. The specimens were placed on the teeth for 1, 2 and 4 weeks. After removal each module was kept in a sealed plastic bag and prepared for imaging and color measurement. Color measurements were made before and after use of the specimens. Images were taken by a cellular attachable microscope connected to a mobile phone with special J-cam program and the color change was calculated according to CIE Labcolor spaces system by the Adobe Photoshop program. The resulting data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, LSD and Chi square tests. Results: The results showed that, all the elastomeric ligatures discolored after use. The discoloration increased with an increased incubation period in the mouth reaching the peak at 4 weeks interval and the yellowness index was the mostly effected color component. Elastomeric ligatures from Morelli brand were the most prone to discoloration, while Ortho Organizers and Ormco ligatures were the least prone to discoloration with the presence of large individual variation. Conclusion: It is necessary to alert the patient about the color changes that the clear ligatures experienced and the staining effect of certain foods. The orthodontist should select brands that are more resistant to color changes.

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Publication Date
Thu Aug 11 2022
Journal Name
Chemical Papers
Surface tensiometry study of the interfacial phenomena in the mixed surfactant solutions of sodium di-2-ethylhexylsulfosuccinate (AOT) and hexadecyl benzylammonium chloride (HDBAC)
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Publication Date
Sat Jun 19 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Pharmaceutical Sciences ( P-issn 1683 - 3597 E-issn 2521 - 3512)
The Role of Ginkgo biloba Extract as Monotherapy in Improving the Outcomes of Patients with Metabolic Syndrome: A Pilot Comparative Study with Metformin
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The present study evaluates the effects of Ginkgo biloba extract as monotherapy on the glycemic status, insulin resistance (IR), body mass index (BMI), and visceral adiposity index (VAI), in addition to the inflammatory markers, oxidative status and leptin level in patients with metabolic syndrome in comparison with metformin.

The study is a randomized, double-blind pilot study conducted during the period May to September, 2020. Fifty patients were recruited in the study and they were allocated into two groups (25 per each group): Ginkgo biloba and Metformin groups, they received (120 mg Ginkgo biloba extract/ capsule) and (500 mg Metformin/ capsule) respectively; orally as a single dose for 90 days. Blood samples were taken at z

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Publication Date
Mon Nov 10 2014
Journal Name
Advances In Language And Literary Studies
The Functions of Onomatopoeia in Modern English and Arabic Poetry: A Study in Selected Poems by Lawrence and al-Sayyab
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Onomatopoeia has always been a functional poetic device which enjoys a high sound significance in the poetry of many languages. In modern English and Arabic poetry alike, it proves to be vital and useful at different levels: musical, thematic and at the level of meaning. Still, the cultural difference looms large over the ways it is employed by the poets of each. The present paper investigates the employment of onomatopoeia in the poetry of D. H. Lawrence (1885-1930) and Badr Shakir al-Sayyab (1926-1964) who are chosen due to the importance they enjoy in modern English and Arabic poetry and the richness of their poems in onomatopoeias. The conclusions reached at are in a sense related to cultural differences which govern the use of onomato

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Publication Date
Wed May 10 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Planner And Development
the Planning and Management of Services in Rural Areas, AL-Gharraf sub-district in Dhi Qar Governorate, a case study.
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         Bringing about urban, economic, and social changes in rural areas similar to those occurring in urban areas aims to reduce urban-rural disparities by providing services in those areas, decentralizing the management of these services, expanding citizen participation in local governance (decentralized administration), and achieving comprehensive development, developing and empowering localities, and keeping pace with new transformations and their impacts on the functions of the center and localities. In fact, the lack of clarity of the role of local government in planning and managing services has hindered development plans, and declined the level of services in rural areas, and has negative

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Publication Date
Thu Mar 18 2021
Journal Name
Review Of International Geographical Education Online
Chomsky's Political Views as a Case Study in a Critical Discourse Analysis of Ideology in the Iraqi Wars
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APDBN Rashid, Review of International Geographical Education Online (RIGEO), 2021

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Publication Date
Thu Feb 02 2012
Journal Name
Wasit Journal For Science And Medicine
Field study for the effect of releasing predator Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) (Neuroptera:Chrysopidae) in comparison with Deltamethrin in controlling cabbage aphid
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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2025
Journal Name
Smart Innovation, Systems And Technologies
An Exploration of Current Trends for Enhancing Multimedia Transfer Efficiency
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This report explores emerging techniques to boost multimedia transfer effectiveness, given the escalating need for improved quality and performance in multimedia interactions. The analysis involves a thorough literature assessment and comparison of present strategies to pinpoint key tendencies and propose novel approaches. The methodology involves examining recent technological enhance ments in video coding standards, quality appraisal methods, and compression tech niques. Specific domains investigated comprise firmware component architectures, 4D indexing structures, and iterative filtering frameworks. The study in addition weighs tradeoffs between video quality, encoding intricacy, and bitrate demands. Key determinations consist of

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Publication Date
Mon Jul 01 2019
Journal Name
Applied Mathematical Modelling
Potential flow of fluid from an elevated, two-dimensional source
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Publication Date
Sun Feb 01 2026
Journal Name
Applied Acoustics
Development of an acoustic vacuum gauge for low-pressure measurement
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Publication Date
Fri Dec 31 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Geological Journal
Construction of Comprehensive Geological Model for an Iraqi Oil Reservoir
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The paper generates a geological model of a giant Middle East oil reservoir, the model constructed based on the field data of 161 wells. The main aim of the paper was to recognize the value of the reservoir to investigate the feasibility of working on the reservoir modeling prior to the final decision of the investment for further development of this oilfield. Well log, deviation survey, 2D/3D interpreted seismic structural maps, facies, and core test were utilized to construct the developed geological model based on comprehensive interpretation and correlation processes using the PETREL platform. The geological model mainly aims to estimate stock-tank oil initially in place of the reservoir. In addition, three scenarios were applie

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