A histological study was conducted to examine the structure of optic tectum in Hemidactylus flaviviridis. The results showed that the optic tectum consists of fourteen strata organized in three zones. The deep zone which extends from the first stratum (around optic ventricle) to the fifth stratum. The medium zone comprises the sixth & seventh strata, which represent the center of optic tectum. The superficial zone which extends from the eighth stratum to the fourteenth stratum and forms the retino recipient region.         The strata of deep zone are called the Stratum Griseum et Periventricular ( SGAP ) , the sixth stratum  is  called the Stratum Album Central ( SAC ) and&nbsp

Introduction: The present study was performed to evaluate the influence of a 1064 nm fiber laser on shear bond strength (SBS) at the interface of titanium and resin cement. Methods: Forty titanium discs of 6 mm × 3 mm (diameter and thickness respectively) were categorized into four groups (n=10): control group without any surface treatment and three groups treated with a fiber laser with 81 ns pulse duration, 30 kHz frequency, 10000 mm/s scanning speed, 0.05 mm spot size, and different average power values (3, 5 and 7 W) depending on the tested group. Titanium disc characterization was performed by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) and surface roughness tester. Phase analysis was achieved using an X-ray diffractometer (XRD). F

Background: Healing of a tooth extraction socket is a complex process involving tissue repair and regeneration. It involves chemotaxis of appropriate cells into the wound, Transformation of undifferentiated mesenchymal cells to osteoprogenitor cells, proliferation and differentiation of committed bone forming cells, extracellular matrix synthesis, mineralization of osteoid, maturation and remodeling of bone. These cellular events are precisely controlled and regulated by specific signaling molecules. Some of these like transforming growth factor beta (TGF-?), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) and insulin like growth factors (IGF) are well conserved proteins involved in the initial response to injur

ten albino male rates were orally treated daily 20% and 30% ethanol for 30 days treatment with 30%ethanol caused of hippocampuse of darckness google hospital patients

ABSTRACT Wound is damage or disruption to the normal anatomical structure and function. Carrageenan is sulphated polysaccharide found in Gigartina, Chondrus and Eucheuma species in the red algal family. Having anticancer, anti-inflammatory and renewal of tissues. Our study aimed to detect the role of kappa carrageenan in the burned skin wound repair. Skin burn were performed in the right and left cheek of 20 male rats (aged 7-8 weeks weighing 300-350 g). Burned skin rats were categorized into two equal groups. Burned areas of right side were treated with a local application of 1 ml of kappa carrageenan solution once daily (treatment group) and the left side receive no treatment (control group). After 5, and 10 days, 5 rats from each

Background and Objectives: Wound healing is a complex process with overlapping phases haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and maturation/matrix remodeling. Each phase of wound healing requires different management strategies, and inappropriate treatment can delay wound healing. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of topical application of calmodulin as a significant augmentation of the granulation tissue production process of wound healing and to express of genes CaMKK2, MaP2K6 and CXCR4 at site of wound defect, that have versatile effects on the body and they belong to Ca/camodulin related genes. Material and Methods: In this study thirty albino male rats, weighting (300-400) gram, aged (6-8) months, wil

The current study was designed to identify the histological composition of the ileum in the Caucasian squirrel Sciurus anomalus. Ten adult squirrels were used for the present study. Animals were anesthetized, anatomized, fixed the study specimens in 10% formalin solution, and conducted a series of histological staining techniques. The ileum consists of four main tunicae represented by mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, and serosa. The tunica mucosa consists of three secondary layers: the epithelial lining layer, lamina propria, and muscularis mucosa. The epithelial lining comprises simple columnar epithelial tissue composed of columnar cells and goblet cells. The lamina propria contains simple straight tubular glands called the int

The results of this study showed that the tongue of the adult Iraqi domestic cat is divided into three regions of apex, body and root. The dorsal surface of all regions possesses five types of lingual papillae, two mechanical which are filiform and cylindrical papillae, while the other three types are taste papillae which are foliate, fungiform and circumvallate papillae, while these papillae are absent on its ventral surface. The histological examination of all tongue areas revealed that it consisted of three tunica, the tunica mucosa and the tunica submucosa (the lamina propria) and the tunica muscularis. The tunica mucosa consisted of the epithelial lining, which is a stratified squamous epithelial tissue covering the lingual papillae, a