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Influence of smoking on salivary interleukin-8 levels in chronic periodontitis
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Background: Smoking is the major environmental risk factor that has been associated with the pathogenesis and progression of periodontal diseases. Interleukin-8 (IL-8), has been associated with the immunopathology of periodontitis. Objectives: To determine the influence of smoking on salivary Interleukin-8 level from smokers and non-smokers with periodontitis and periodontally healthy control subjects.

Materials and Methods: Un-stimulated saliva samples were collected of 90 participants: 30 smokers and 30 non-smokers with chronic periodontitis, as well as 30 periodontally healthy control subjects. The clinical parameters such as the pocket depth, clinical attachment loss, plaque index, and gingival index were measured. IL-8 level in the saliva was measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) kit.

Results: It was found that the mean value of salivary IL-8 levels was significantly higher in smokers (461.76 ± 329.66 ng/L) than in non-smokers periodontitis (257.83 ± 247.19 ng/L) and the controls (96.55 ± 62.35 ng/L) (p < 0.001). Moreover, salivary IL-8 levels were significantly higher in smokers compared with non-smokers periodontitis (p< 0.001).

Conclusion: Smoking subjects showed increased level of salivary IL-8 and a worse periodontal condition than non-smoking subjects. Our results suggest that smoking alters an immune response which may contribute to an increased susceptibility to periodontal disease among smokers

Keywords: Smoking; Chronic periodontitis; Saliva; Interleukine-8

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 25 2023
Journal Name
Enterprenuership Journal For Finance And Bussiness
Argumentative Accounting conservatism and the performance of institutions listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange in light of the Coronavirus pandemic
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This study aims to test whether the institutions listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange have a significant correlation between the level of conservative accounting practice with the level of market share returns during the Coronavirus pandemic period as one of the policies to confront the economic repercussions of the Coronavirus pandemic. Furthermore, the sample included institutions listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange during the 2019 and 2020 years, i.e., the period before the Coronavirus pandemic and during the Coronavirus pandemic for the purpose of comparison. The market value to book value model was used, and the study found that conservative institutions had achieved the highest level of market share prices compared to non-conservat

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 18 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
The effects of various beverages on the shear bond strength of light-cured orthodontic composite (An in vitro comparative study)
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Background: This study was conducted to assess the effects of various beverages on the shear bond strength of light-cured orthodontic composite used to bond stainless steel orthodontic brackets on human teeth and to determine the site of bonding failure of this material. Materials and Methods: Fifty extracted human premolars were selected and randomly divided into five equal groups each with 10 teeth according to the beverage type (Control, One Tiger, Milk, Green tea and Coffee). After bonding, the teeth were immersed in specific beverages for 5 minutes twice daily with equal intervening intervals then washed and stored in distilled water at 37º C for the reminder of the day. The process was carried out for 30 days. The samples were then

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 05 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The Effect of Organizational Compliance on High Performance: An Analytical Research in the General Company of Leather Industries / Cotton Factor
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This research aims to identify how organizational compatibility, which represents the independent variable, affects higher performance, which is considered a dependent variable, given the importance of these variables in industrial organizations and their clear impact on their stability, survival, and growth in the light of changing environmental challenges.  Where the practical research problem was represented by the weakness of awareness of the importance toward organizational compatibility and its dimensions (organizational loyalty, organizational similarity, affiliation or membership, compatibility with goals, and compatibility with values), which is meant by the individual's compatibility with the organization in which he/she w

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 19 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Educational And Psychological Researches
The Effect of the Idea Filtering Strategy on the Achievement of the Second Year Middle School Female Students in Science
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Abstract

The current research aims to identify the effect of the idea filtering strategy on the achievement of second-intermediate school female students in science. The two researchers adopted the experimental method and the experimental design with partial control in the two groups (experimental group and control group). The two researchers applied the research experience to a sample of students of the second intermediate grade in the school Martyrs of (Jiser  Al Aimma for Girls) affiliated with the Baghdad Education Directorate / Rusafa /1 for the academic year (2021/2022), which was chosen intentionally. The number of female students in the research sample was (70) students, with (35) students for the ex

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Publication Date
Wed Mar 10 2021
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Study the effect of fish on the optical properties of CuO membranes prepared in a way that thermal spraying chemical
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In this research study the effect of fish on the properties optical films thickness 1200-1800 and calculated energy gap Basra direct transport permitted and forbidden to membranes and urged decreasing values ??of Optical Energy Gap increase fish included accounts optical also calculate the constants visual as factories winding down and the refractive index and reflectivity membranes also by real part and imaginarythe dielectric constant

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Publication Date
Tue Aug 23 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Health Sciences
Effect of Using Fryer strategy on the achievement and systemic thinking of intermediate second class students in the chemistry subject.
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The objective of this research is to identify the effect of Using Fryer strategy on achievement and systemic thinking in the subject of chemistry of second class intermediate school students. The sample of research consisted of 59 students in one intermediate school in Baghdad/Iraq, split into two groups; experimental and control. The scientific material of the study is related to Chapters II and III of the Science Book for the second Intermediate School for the Year (2019-2020). The scientific test is composed of 25 test items whilst the second instrument for research related to systematic thinking test consisted of 12 items. The results of the research showed that the use of Fryer's chemistry-teaching strategy has increased achieve

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 01 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
The impact of the core Competence for audit companies & offices On the Earning Quality of banks in Iraq Stock Exchange
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The research aims at measuring the extent of the relationship and influence of the indicators of the Core competencies of the audit firms and offices in the Earning Quality of the private banks listed in the Iraq Stock Exchange under audit. The research community represents 38 banks. The sample of the research has been approved only 10 banks continue to issue their financial statements for the period (2007 – 2017), in addition to the audit offices assigned to audit these banks, which amounted to 14 companies and auditing offices. John's (1999) model revised by Kothari et al., (2005) was adopted to measure the Earning Quality by finding discretionary accruals and non-discretionary accruals, to measure the Core competencies indicators ,

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Publication Date
Wed Dec 11 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Impact of the Selective Model on the Acquisition of Kurdish Grammar Concepts among Female Students in the Eighth Grade
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This research aims to identify the impact of the selective model in acquiring the concepts of Kurdish grammar among female students in the eighth grade, and to achieve the goal of research, the researcher selected the experimental design with partial control  and dimensional testing; the sample includes basic schools in the Chim district of Chamal/ Sulaymaniyah and randomly selected the basic school (Maha Bad) to be the field of application of the experiment and the random drawing method was chosen: two out of three sections and the number of students of the two sections is (75) students; section (C) represents the experimental group that studied the rules according to the selective model and its number is (37) students, while secti

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Publication Date
Fri Aug 23 2024
Journal Name
Cureus
The Effect of Pan-Retinal Photocoagulation on Central Macular Thickness in a Sample of Iraqi Patients With Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
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Publication Date
Sun Feb 28 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
The effect of knowledge assimilation on strategic clarity - an exploratory study in the Iraqi Ministry of Transport - Iraqi Airways Company*
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The research aims to build an integrated frame of knowledge for the basic research topics, represented by (assimilation of knowledge, strategic clarity) and their basic variables, by examining the most important scientific propositions on these topics in administrative thought, and framing the knowledge contained in them, in a serious attempt to provide appropriate answers to questions The research dilemma, and the research was applied in the Iraqi Airways Company, whose number is (1200) employees, and the descriptive and analytical approach was adopted in conducting the research. A valid form for statistical analysis, i.e., with a retrieval rate of (92%). The two researchers used the (SPSS & AMOS) program for

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