Background: Periodontal disease is a chronic bacterial infection that affects the gingiva and bone supporting the teeth. Smoking, which is an important risk factor for periodontitis, induce oxidative stress in the body and cause an imbalance between reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD). This study aimed to evaluate the influence of smoking on periodontal health status by estimating the levels of salivary SOD level in non-smokers (controls) and light and heavy smokers and to test the correlation between the SOD enzyme level and the clinical periodontal parameters in each group. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 75 male, with age ranged from 35 to 50 years. Clinically, the periodontal parameters used in this study were Plaque index (PLI). Gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PPD), Bleeding on probing (BOP) and clinical attachment level (CAL), unstimulated saliva sample were collected from all subjects and the levels of superoxide dismutase enzyme was analyzed for each group , and correlate the mean of salivary enzyme levels with the clinical periodontal parameters. Results: Highly significant differences in PLI between (non smokers/heavy smokers) and (light smokers/heavy smokers).On the other hand no significant difference in gingival index between groups. There were a high association between severity of smoking & probing pocket depth and there is association between severity of smoking and clinical attachment loss. There were a significant difference in the level of salivary superoxide dismutase enzyme between the (non smokers/light smokers) groups & between (heavy smokers/light smokers) &there were highly significant differences between (non smokers/heavy smokers) groups. There is no correlation between the activities of the salivary superoxide dismutase enzyme and the clinical periodontal parameters except in SOD with (BOP score 0 and PPD score 1&score 3) in heavy smokers group. Conclusions: Superoxide dismutase enzyme can be used as biomarker for estimating the level of oxidative stress on smoking habits.
Abstract :
The purpose of the subject of Total quality management is an important management style in organizations including hospitals through the achievement of this method of success in the administration to include this approach describes the provision of health services and make adjustment and suggestions that help to improve the quality of health care on an ongoing basis . Hence the idea of the study to shed light on the reality of the application of principles of Total quality management and to highlight the quality of health services provided in al-kindi hospital / Baghdad health department rusafa and the staff at the hospital were included to find out the appl
... Show MoreThe subject of the organizational Ambidexterity of the vital Topics through which it seeks organizations to provide mentalities renewable for their members and maintain its survival and continuity according to different organizational methods of access for strategic success. The research aims to demonstrate the impact of organizational Ambidexterity in achieving strategic success in the National bank of Iraq, and the questionnaire was prepared as a tool for collecting data and information through sample survey of (16) managers and heads of departments , The results were analyzed by using the statistical program (SPSS) in calculating mean, standard deviation, percent and test (f), coefficie
... Show MoreEnvironmentally friendly copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were prepared with a green synthesis route via Anchusa strigosa L. Flowers extract. These nanoparticles were further characterized by FTIR, XRD and SEM techniques. Removing of Gongo red from water was applied successfully by using synthesized CuO NPs which used as an adsorbent material. It was validated that the CuO NPs eliminate Congo red by means of adsorption, and the best efficiency of adsorption was gained at pH (3). The maximum adsorption capacity of CuO NPs for Congo red was observed at (35) mg/g. The equilibrium information for adsorption have been outfitted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Halsey adsorption isot
... Show MoreBackground: In this study we evaluate the effect of plasma treatment (oxygen and argon) gas in two different exposure times on the surface of heat cure and light cure acrylic resin. Materials and method: 100 specimens of heat cure and light cure acrylic resin were fabricated. The measurements of the samples were (75mm, 25mm and 4.5mm) length, width and depth respectively with stopper of 3mm depth. Two types of gas used oxygen and argon in (5,10) min by using (DC-glow discharge plasma device) then we apply cold cure soft lining material, with the help of Instron machine we test the shear stress value. Results: A highly significant effect after argon and oxygen gases treatment in both 5 and 10 min exposure times on shear bond strength to soft
... Show MoreThe cost of microalgae harvesting constitutes a heavy burden on the commercialization of biofuel production. The present study addressed this problem through economic and parametric comparison of electrochemical harvesting using a sacrificial electrode (aluminum) and a nonsacrificial electrode (graphite). The harvesting efficiency, power consumption, and operation cost were collected as objective variables as a function of applied current and initial pH of the solution. The results indicated that high harvesting efficiency obtained by using aluminum anode is achieved in short electrolysis time. That harvesting efficiency can be enhanced by increasing the applied current or the electrolysis time for both electrode materials, where 98
... Show MoreThere are two ways that the contract might be formed with (contracting between persons who are attended and contracting between absence persons).the need for determining the precise moment of the contract , is so clear because there is a specify period separate between the declaration of acceptance and the knowledge with it .and it is clear from the four theories known for jurisprudence (theory of the declaration of the acceptance, theory of exporting the acceptance , theory of the arrival of the acceptance , theory of the knowledge with the acceptance ) . It is difficult to promote one theory on another one if we look at each one and the justification of its supporters and what the opponents of each theory expose. Legal background and diff
... Show MoreThe research seeks to identify the contemporary events that face the use of electronic payment methods to localize the salaries of state employees and its impact in enhancing the mental image of customers, and to achieve this purpose from the fact that a questionnaire was designed and distributed to an optional sample of (31) individual customers (employees) dealing With the researched private banks, it has been analyzed and reached a number of conclusions and recommendations, the most prominent of which is the lack of modernity of electronic payment methods by customers, which is reflected in the mental image of customers and the achievement of their satisfaction, in the Emiratization project for salaries needs an advanced leade
... Show MoreBones were recorded in the skeleton of some species of Iraqi turtle Mauremys rivulata; the objectives of this study came in light of current conditions, environmental developments, talents and techniques of biological studies taking place in the country, need for an anatomy guide in river turtles of Iraqi species, to identify all kinds of similarities and differences with their preaching, this work or study has become written in response to those modern needs. It is designed to be one of the resources for those interested in biological studies, beginners or professionals, and veterinarians, distinguishing them from marine and global species. Turtles were dissected in the laboratories of the Research Center and Museum of Natural Hist
... Show More