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Periodontal health status and salivary enzymes level in smokers and non-smokers (comparative, cross sectional study)
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Background: Smoking is considering a major risk factor for development and progression of periodontal disease. Investigations regarding the association between smoking and periodontal disease have consistently demonstrated negative periodontal effects and greater probabilities of established periodontal disease among smokers in comparison with non smokers. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of smoking on periodontal health status and on the salivary levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK), and to correlate the clinical parameters of periodontal health with the biochemical findings in smokers and non-smokers. Materials and methods: Unstimulated saliva sample was collected from 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers for biochemical analysis of salivary enzymes. Periodontal parameters including: plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were recorded. Results: statistical analysis revealed that ALP in saliva was significantly higher in smoker than the non smoker group and there was a highly significant difference in the salivary LDH and CK levels between smokers and non-smokers groups. Plaque index (PLI), probing pocket depth (PPD) and clinical attachment level (CAL) were higher in smokers compared with non smokers, while there was decrease in the number of bleeding sites. Conclusions: smokers group revealed more periodontal tissue destruction than non-smokers group represented by deeper pockets and more clinical attachment level. Salivary enzymes (ALP, LDH and CK) are considered as good biochemical markers of periodontal tissue destruction and can be used to evaluate the effect of smoking on periodontal health status.

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Publication Date
Mon Aug 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Non-Linear Behavior of Strengthened Steel-Concrete Composite Beams with Partial Interaction of Shear Connectors
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In this research a theoretical study has been carried out on the behavior and strength of simply supported composite beams strengthened by steel cover plate taking into consideration partial interaction of shear connectors and nonlinear behavior of the materials and shear connectors. Following the procedure that already has been adopted by Johnson (1975), the basic differential equations of equilibrium and compatibility were reduced to single differential equation in terms of interface slip between concrete slab and steel beam. Furthermore, in order to consider the nonlinear behavior of steel, concrete and shear connectors, the basic equation was rearranged so that all terms related to materials are isol

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 01 2011
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Calculation of Particle Emission Rates for Nucleon-Induced Reactions with non-Equidistance Spacing Model Dependence
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Nuclear emission rates for nucleon-induced reactions are theoretically calculated based on the one-component exciton model that uses state density with non-Equidistance Spacing Model (non-ESM). Fair comparison is made from different state density values that assumed various degrees of approximation formulae, beside the zeroth-order formula corresponding to the ESM. Calculations were made for 96Mo nucleus subjected to (N,N) reaction at Emax=50 MeV. The results showed that the non-ESM treatment for the state density will significantly improve the emission rates calculated for various exciton configurations. Three terms might suffice a proper calculation, but the results kept changing even for ten terms. However, five terms is found to give

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 05 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Prediction of Compressive Strength of Reinforced Concrete Structural Elements by Using Combined Non-Destructive Tests
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This research is devoted to investigate relationship between both Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity and Rebound Number (Hammer Test) with cube compressive strength and also to study the effect of steel reinforcement on these relationships.
A study was carried out on 32 scale model reinforced concrete elements. Non destructive testing campaign (mainly ultrasonic and rebound hammer tests) made on the same elements. About 72 concrete cubes (15 X 15 X15) were taken from the concrete mixes to check the compressive strength.. Data analyzed.Include the possible correlations between non destructive testing (NDT) and compressive strength (DT) Statistical approach is used for this purpose. A new relationships obtained from correlations results is give

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Publication Date
Sat Dec 15 2018
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Comparative evaluation of the radiographic density of GuttaFlow® 2 in different obturation techniques using Spiral Computed Tomography
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Background: Ideal root canal obturation depends on many factors; one of them is good sealing of root canal without pores. The aim of this study was to determine the radiographic density of GuttaFlow® 2 with different obturation techniques using spiral computed tomography. Materials and Methods: Forty palatal roots of permanent maxillary first molar were used in this study. Following working length determination, root canal was prepared using rotary PROTAPER universal system. They were randomly divided into four groups of 10 roots each, the groups are Conventional lateral condensation with Apexit Plus sealer, Conventional lateral condensation with GuttaFlow® 2 as a sealer, Soft Core Regular with GuttaFlow® 2 as a sealer and singl

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Publication Date
Fri Apr 01 2016
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Organizational renewal capabilities with the framework of Strategic leadership An Analytical comparative Research At some Hospitals in Baghdad
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Strategic leadership is the main source to enable organizations of excellence in light of turbulent environment, it is also the capabilities of organizational renewal organization’s ability to anticipate changes that take place or possible occurrence.

As a result of the many changes that characterize the environment where they operate researched hospitals, many of them began looking for ways to help it achieve a lot of their own competitive advantages.

The subject of organizational renewal capabilities of subjects that are not obvious interest in the Arab environment in general and Iraq in particular, and longer. The problem of the research and field presence of deficiencies in

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Publication Date
Mon Sep 01 2025
Journal Name
Continence
Does the presence of Fowler's syndrome predicts successful long-term outcome of sacral nerve stimulation in women with non-obstructive urinary retention?
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Publication Date
Tue Nov 09 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Strategic leadership and its role in achieving competitiveness in industrial establishments": "A field study in Bashir Al-Siksik & Co. for the manufacture of sanitary and plastic tools
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This study aims to know the role of strategic leadership to achieving competitiveness in industrial establishments by identifying the respondents’ perceptions about the level of availability of dimensions of leadership strategies (creativity and innovation, risk tolerance, available opportunities) in Bashir Al-Siksek & Partners Company for the manufacture of sanitary and plastic ware in Gaza strip

To achieve this, a questionnaire was developed and distributed to a sample of managers, auditors, accountants, and administrative employees in the study sample company. The questionnaire tool was distributed to 60 employees and employees, of which (52) were retrieved, or 86.6%, and (8) were excluded for la

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Publication Date
Fri Mar 30 2012
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Chemical And Petroleum Engineering
Numerical Analysis of Laminar Natural Convection in Square Enclosure with and without Partitions and Study Effect of pPartition on the Flow Pattern and Heat Transfer
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The problem of steady, laminar, natural convective flow in an square enclosure with and without partitions is considered for Rayleigh number (103-106) and Prandtl number (0.7). Vertical walls were maintained isothermal at different temperatures while horizontal walls and the partitions were insulated. The length of partition was taken constant. The number of partitions were placed on horizontal surface in staggered arrangement from (1– 3) and ratio of partition thickness (H/L= 0.033, 0.083, 0.124). The problem is formulated in terms of the vorticity-stream function procedure. A numerical solution based on a program in Fortran 90 with the finite difference method is obtained. Representative results illustrating the effects of the thickn

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Publication Date
Mon Dec 16 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of Accounting And Financial Studies ( Jafs )
Technological Maturity and its role in reinforcing the quality of auditing: An analytical study in Iraqi audit offices
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This paper discusses the role of Auditors' Technological Maturity in reinforcing the quality of auditing profession, through focusing on the concepts of Technological Maturity and quality of auditing profession, as well as designing a proposed model for Technological Maturity which includes five evolutionary and sequential stages, and this proposed model would contribute to reinforce the quality of auditing. This proposed model will be employed in the field of auditing profession because the importance of the development and investment in this profession and the importance of the need for specialized knowledge in Information Technology, and the result of a proposed model is development of technological knowledge for the auditor to reach

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Publication Date
Sat Jul 11 2026
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Information Pollution in Iraqi Journalism…Study in Causes and Sources - A research drawn from a Master Degree thesis
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Information pollution is regarded as a big problem facing journalists working in the editing section, whereby journalistic materials face such pollution through their way across the editing pyramid. This research is an attempt to define the concept of journalistic information pollution, and what are the causes and sources of this pollution. The research applied the descriptive research method to achieve its objectives. A questionnaire was used to collect data. The findings indicate that journalists are aware of the existence of information pollution in journalism, and this pollution has its causes and resources.

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