Background: Psychological stress is considered the major etiological factor precipitating myofacial pain and temporomandibular disorders.It is known that stress induce various adaptational responses of physiologic systems. The process includes increase in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis which promotes cortisol secretion. Salivary cortisol has been used as a measure of free circulating cortisol levels.The use of salivary biomarkers has gained increased popularity since collecting samples is non-invasive and painless. The aim of thisstudy was to evaluate the level of cortisol in saliva among sample of university students having myofacial pain, during the final exam period and whether this finding could have a significant value as a symptomatic psychobiological marker. Materials and Methods: Ninety eight (98) university students were enrolled in this study. Fifty(50) were with myofacial pain (symptomatic) and forty eight (48) were without myofacial pain (asymptomatic) as a control group.Each student with myofacial pain was examined according to Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders. Saliva sample were collected from each subject before final examination and three months later for biochemical analysis of cortisolusing ELISA test. Results: A highly significant difference in salivary cortisol level between the two periods for both the study and control groups, and a non-significant difference between the two groups in before examination period. A negative association has been observed between the level of salivary cortisol and severity of pain and a highly significant improvement of pain between the final examination periods and three months later. Conclusions: Dental students perceived a higher level of stress prior to the final exam was associated with raised salivary cortisol levels which could be considered as a useful non-invasive biomarker for measuring acute stress.
A complete metric space is a well-known concept. Kreyszig shows that every non-complete metric space can be developed into a complete metric space , referred to as completion of .
We use the b-Cauchy sequence to form which “is the set of all b-Cauchy sequences equivalence classes”. After that, we prove to be a 2-normed space. Then, we construct an isometric by defining the function from to ; thus and are isometric, where is the subset of composed of the equivalence classes that contains constant b-Cauchy sequences. Finally, we prove that is dense in , is complete and the uniqueness of is up to isometrics
Media theories and studies have provided many diligences on the concept of social media and the circle of influence, including the theory of social marketing which deals with how to promote ideas espoused by the elite in a society to become a recognized social value. The emergence of social networks provided a revolutionary breakthrough, taking the media to unprecedented horizons; and giving its users great opportunities to influence and move across borders without restrictions and censorship, except in a relatively limited manner. So, the emergence of social media has created channels of live broadcasting from its audience in a method of development that changes the essence of the known communication theories; and stops the monopoly of th
... Show MoreThe term "semantic exchange" was popularized in Arabic, especially in derivatives, grammatical structures, etc., but it came under different names or terms, including deviation, deviation, transition, displacement, tooth breach, replacement, attention, etc. In the rooting of this term through its study in language and terminology, and among linguists, grammar and others, we have reached a number of results, including The existence of a harmonization between the lexical and idiomatic meaning of the term exchange, and the phenomenon of semantic exchange is a form of expansion in language, and that the first language scientists They had turned to this And studied under Cairo for different names, as noted above.
It is uncertain whether terminal ileum intubation should be performed routinely during colonoscopy, as there is uncertainty regarding its diagnostic value. The aim of the present study is to assess the diagnostic yield of terminal ileum intubation during colonoscopy according to indications for colonoscopy. This is a cross-sectional study in which the results of 294 total colonoscopy procedures were reviewed; ileal intubation was performed in 269 (91.49%) patients. The indications for colonoscopy, the results of ileoscopy, and the histopathological results of ileal biopsies were evaluated.
A total of 54 (20%) out of 269 patients who had successful intubation into the terminal ileum sh
Pollen morphology of 4 species (A. aucheri , A. auriculata, A. caucasica, A. nova) belonging to the genus Arabis L. in Iraq was examined by light microscope and scanning electron microscope to determine the significance of pollen features as a taxonomic characters. The results showed pollen grains of the species were monades, homopolar, tricolpate, and with medium size, but the species varied in shapes (polar and equatorial view), colpus length and width, exine thickness and exine ornamentation. Pollen colors were brown convert to brownish yellow.
Embedded advertisement constitutes a special kind of communication. As it performs many important roles such as giving information, highlighting the value of the product, and urging the target consumer to buy it by influencing his/ her behavior using an attractive manner of mind and conscience. Both cinema and television are the most prominent and powerful advertising media that enjoy the interest of all audiences and capture most of the advertising spending. As advertisers have paid attention to the importance of indirectly incorporating their products into content that the audience loves and is keen to follow, since the actual impact lies in the inclusion of the product within content that the audience appeals to. Hence, this leads to
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