Severe acute respiratory corona viruses (SARS-COVs) are a particular category of RNA viruses that have emerged as a potential danger to the human population, triggering epidemics and pandemics that have resulted in catastrophic human mortality. The SARS-CoV2, responsible for the COVID-19 pandemic that began on December 12, 2019 in Wuhan, China, has been linked to bats. A new SARS-CoV-2 variant appeared in late December 2020. Mutations with variants continued to appear until the time of this study. Thus, this study aimed to provide a local database among Iraqi patients about SARS-COV-2 variants as there have been very few local studies documenting its existence and its relationship with the progression and severity of infection.

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most common diagnoses in hospitalized patients. Increased plasma hemostatic markers were noted in acute myocardial infarction, indicating that the blood coagulation system is highly activated in those patients. Aims of the study: To study the level of intrinsic coagulation factors including (FVIII:C, FIX:C ,FXI:C ,FXII:C ) in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Type of the study: Cross –sectional study. Methods: Thirty patients (their age range is 48-68 years) were included in this study (9 female, 21 male) who were just admitted to the coronary care unit in AL-Yarmouk Teaching Hospital and diagnosed as having acute myocardial infarction patients, blood samples were tak

Background: Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer in women worldwide and in Iraq. Proliferation rates of neoplastic process can be useful in predicting prognosis, aggressiveness of cancers and to guide treatment protocols in clinical practice.
Objectives: To evaluate the role of Ki67 as a proliferative marker through analysing the associations between Ki67 with the clinic-pathological parameters, hormone receptors and Her2/neu expression.
Patients and methods: Forty paraffin blocks belonging to patient with breast carcinoma and ten blocks with benign diseases were included in this retrospective cross-sectional study and used for the immunohistochemical assessment of hormone receptors, Her2/neu and Ki67.
Results: Mean age of

The purpose of this work was to study the effects of the Nd:YAG laser on exposed dentinal
tubules of human extracted teeth using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Eighty 2.5mm-thick
slices were cut at the cementoenamel junction from 20 extracted human teeth with an electric saw. A
diamond bur was used to remove the cementum layer to expose the dentinal tubules. Each slice was
sectioned into four equal quadrants and the specimens were randomly divided into four groups (A to D ).
Groups B to D were lased for 2 mins using an Nd:YAG laser at 6 pulses per second at energy outputs of
80 , 100 and 120 mJ. Group A served as control. Under SEM observation, nonlased specimens showed
numerous exposed dentinal tubules. SEM o

This study was carried out in the Center of Endocrinology and Diabetes in Baghdad during the period between October 2019 to February 2020. The aim was to measure the level of some apoptosis markers and some autoimmune antibodies related to the thyroid gland in Iraqi patients with hyperthyroidism and evaluate the correlation between all the measured parameters. The study included 88 patients who were divided into three groups; group 1 included 30 newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism patients (24 females, 6 males); group 2 included  30 patients of hyperthyroidism who were under treatment (28, 2 males); group 3 included 28 healthy individuals as control group (22 females, 6 males).

     Most of the patient's ages

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a considerable problem aecting the health of people each year. It is caused by various Gram-positive (G+ve) and Gram-negative (G-ve) pathogens. It is an important illness in the world aecting all age groups across their life span. Objectives: To identify the most common aerobic bacteria that cause UTIs and their antibiotic susceptibility and antimicrobial activity of plant extracts of the males' patients. Materials and methods: The study involved 35 midstream urine samples from the male students (University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq) with suspicious symptoms of UTI, during the period from January-March 2018. Each urine sample was cultured rst on Mannitol Salt Agar and MacConkey agar plates to dierentiate

The pleomorphic adenoma is a benign salivary gland tumor, presenting usually in the parotid gland. This case report describes an unusual case of 29 years old female with a single, nodular swelling evident in the upper lip which was diagnosed as pleomorphic adenoma of the minor salivary glands in the upper lip .The lesion measured 1.0 x 1.0 cm in size for 2 years duration cause depression of labial cortical bone apical to lateral and canine teeth. It is characterized by slow growth. Complete excision was performed and the histopathological analysis supported by immunohistochemistry showed pleomorphic adenoma .It did not recur 18 months after operation.

     Acinetobacter baumannii has been recently classified as a major threat to public health because it has resistant to almost all antibiotics and there are many reasons that are responsible for conferring this feature to A. baumannii. One of these reasons is integrons so in this study we show the role of the integrons in providing resistance to some antibiotics. A number of 60 isolates were collected from different clinical sources of patients who were admitted to Baghdad hospitals and all isolates were diagnosed using biochemical tests and confirmed using  Chrom-ager culture media, and Vitek 2 compact system. The antibiotic susceptibility test was determined during this study using Kirby-Bauer method and the res

Background: Several risk managem-ent standards had been developed including the Project Management Institute, the National Institute of Standards and Technology, actuarial societies, and ISO standards.

Objective: The study aimed at evaluating risk management among managers of model and ordinary primary health care centers in Baghdad City and comparing the risk management among these centers.

Methods: A descriptive comparative des