Background: Dental caries is a localized, progressive destructive, largely irreversible microbial based disease of multifactorial nature; these factors include (host, microbes and food) they influence differently on the initiation and progression of dental caries. The aims of the study: was to evaluate the effect of smoking on salivary flow rate, secretory immunoglobulin (SIgA) level and viable count of mutans streptococci (M.S) bacteria in oral cavity and their relation to dental caries experience. Material and method: The samples were collected from 80 male students ranging in ages from 18-22 years old. Where they divided in to two groups, 40 non-smokers (control group) and 40 smokers (study group). Unstimulated salivary samples were collected. Salivary flow rate was estimated and viable count (CFU/ml) of mutans streptococci was determined. The diagnosis and recording of dental caries were done according to WHO, 1987 criteria and the level of SIgA was determined by ELISA. Result: the result revealed that the salivary flow rate and SIgA level were lower in smoker group than non-smoker, while the means value of dental caries experience Decay, Missing and Filling tooth (DMFT) and (CFU/ml)of M.S were higher in oral cavity of smoker group than non-smoker group. Conclusion: the smoking has negative effect on salivary flow rate, SIgA and increase the viable bacterial count of M.S and dental caries in smoker patients
There are many causes for epistaxis but it is mainly idiopathic in type. In Management of epistaxis there are different modality either medical or cautery(chemical or galvanic) recently laser is used in management of epistaxis. The type of laser used in current study was 810 nm diode laser. The aim of the study is to evaluate its efficiency in control of active and non active idiopathic epistaxis; The design of the study is interventional therapeutic trial. The study was performed from December 2011 to December 2012 in Al Yarmouk teaching hospital at otorhinolaryngology department. In current study the diode laser is used in different power with same exposure time in all application; The power density is measured and choose the best one
... Show MoreCommercial fish catch in the Iraqi marine waters from December 2018 to December 2019 was investigated. The study is based on three stations: the first station is located at the Shatt Al-Arab estuary, the second represents the area between the Shatt Al-Arab Estuary and open marine waters, and the third is associated with the Iraqi territorial marine waters. The total weight of the catch was 1881 kg, represented by 500, 654, and 727 kg in the first, second and third stations respectively. The third station was the highest with a majority of the family Sciaenidae by 464 kg, while the lowest was the family Scombridae by 0.5 kg. The total number of species included 37 species, belonging to 27 genera, 19 families, and 6 orders, the largest ord
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Research summary
Backbiting pronouns have gained great importance in contemporary textual linguistic studies, as they play a coordinating function in the text and link its parts.
Interpreters did not overlook the role of backbiting pronouns in achieving the function of consistency and coherence in the Qur’anic text, as they referred to this, including Ibn Ashour, who had many analytical practices related to referral issues and their complexities. The Qur'anic reference to the pronouns of backbiting, so the researcher traced these phenomena and their evidence in the Holy Qur'an, aiming to clarify their role in enriching the significance and in the coherence and harmony
... Show MoreFinancial inclusion refers to the access of financial services at low cost and high-quality from the formal financial sector to all segments of society, especially marginalized groups, and then use and benefit from them. Financial inclusion is also associated with banking stability, as well as with financial integrity and financial protection for the consumer, therefore, it achieves a number of objectives, the most important of which is to support and enhance banking stability. This is what made it attract the attention of many countries and central banks recently.
The study aims to show the impact of financial inclusion indicators on ban
... Show MoreAfter about twelve months or maybe more, some people can’t achieve pregnancy. This might be a sign of infertility as a reproductive system disease. The following study was carried out to investigate the DAZ 1 gene methylation level and its association with azoospermia in Iraqi patients. One hundred and fifty human blood samples were collected from from different regions in Baghdad governorate, including (private medicals Labs and the high institute for infertility diagnosis assisted reproductive techniques and Kamal Al- Samara'ay IVF Hospital) from both fertile and infertile men. The control group consists of 50 samples ranging from 22 to 51 years old, while the patient (infertile group) consists of 100 samples ranging between 25 and 51 y
... Show MoreThis study aims to evaluate the performance of emergency departments according to international standards through studying the performance in some of Iraqi public hospitals, where the evaluation performance is considered one of the important topics that take a great deal of officials' attention, especially decision makers in health organizations.
The researcher has derived the research idea from the importance of work in emergency department in hospitals and to what it provides of medical services and quick and immediate nursing care that help in patients' lifesaving, and it is the mirror that reflects the real image for the hospital
... Show MoreThe article considers the language of the mass media as a synthesis of the language means of all other styles of language. It is alleged that the newspaper and journalistic language actively uses foreign words and elements of words, replenishing the vocabulary of the language. It is noted that the lexical-semantic system of language is sensitive to socio-economic, political, cultural and scientific-technical changes. Attention is focused on the fact that one of the reasons that affect the change in the lexical composition of the language are the mass media. Thus, the language of the media is characterized by the use of a variety of neutral vocabulary, which, in conjunction with other words in atypical combinations for it, can acquire additi
... Show MoreThe environmental references represented by the intellectual, social, economic, political and religious pressures are considered fundamental factors for the artistic achievement whose importance comes from their multiplicity and branching into natural and psychological pressures that affect the multiplicity, diversity and variability of the artistic and performative methods. Thus they determine the artist's orientations and the creative artistic visions are summoned through symbols and semantic signs of the visual surface, because the societal thought in art in general and the fine art in specific occupies an influential position
... Show MoreSoil is the cardinal resource for agricultural crops. Healthy soil will produce healthy plants. Since healthy soil is the important goal for the farmers, they need to select the best tillage system to achieve that goal. There are two main types of tillage systems. Conservation tillage (no-tillage farming) uses agricultural machinery that performs a double function; tillage and seed farming simultaneously. In contrast, conventional tillage farming uses multiple agricultural machines to till and seed the soil. The farmers in the northern governorates of Iraq have used the conservation farming system for a long time. However, the farmers who live in the middle and southern governorates in Iraq use conventional tillage farming. Because most of
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