Background: White spot lesions (WSLs) are subsurface enamel demineralization manifested as white opacities which had an esthetic problem. The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the lesion depth improvement of WSLs following application of fluoride varnish, tooth mousse and resin infiltration (ICON). Materials and methods: Artificial WSLs were created on 120 premolar teeth using demineralization solution with pH (4-4.5). Samples randomly allocated into four groups; fluoride varnish, tooth mousse, ICON and untreated group. Groups were discolored in Cola and orange juice for 24 hours. Teeth were ground sectioned by longitudinal cutting then these sections examined and photographed under stereomicroscope at 12X magnification then analyzed for lesion depth measurements using Image Pro Plus computer software to record the average lesion depth (μm). Results: The mean values of lesion depth for WSLs groups in DDW, Cola and orange juice increased after formation of WSLs then decreased with the fluoride varnish, tooth mousse and ICON. There was a statistically significant difference between the WSLs, fluoride and Mousse group in DDW and Cola, while there was no statistically significant effect of ICON on WSL in DDW (p=0.341)and Cola (p=0.210). Conclusions: Formation of WSLs is associated with significant lesion depth changes and the use of fluoride varnish, tooth mousse and ICON could return minerals or resin to subsurface enamel of WSLs and improve lesion depth in different soft drinks.
The study aims to identify the impact of competency-based training in its dimensions (skills, cognitive abilities, attitudes, and attitudes) in improving the performance of employees (achievement, strategic thinking and problem solving) in Jordanian university hospitals.
The study based on analytical descriptive method. The study population consisted of the Jordanian University Hospitals, the University Hospital of Jordan and the King Abdullah Hospital, as applied study case. The sample of the study consists of all upper and middle administrative employees of these hospitals; questionnaire distributed all of them and the number of valid questionnaires for analysis were 182 questionnaire.
... Show MoreThis research deals with the attitude of oil press towards oil industry in the world and the extent of their concerns with the stages of oil industry relating to the abundance of oil and natural gas, as it is an international strategic and complementary industry. The researcher uses the survey method for content analysis of the initial article and the press news for two: years (2011-2012). The results if the study are as follows
1- Oil press is concerned with developing and the stages of the Arabic oil industry in the interest of OAPEC in the first place.
2- It is concerned with exploring, extracting, and marketing oil in the first place, then with refining operations in refineries and petrochemical plants in the second place, an
Facing industrial companies many pressures and challenges due to rapid changes in the business environment of contemporary, which requires them to do their performance look more inclusive rather than limiting performance evaluation on the financial perspective in spite of its importance, prompting companies to rethink their reality competitive through the adoption of methodologies and new philosophies to manage competitiveness of total quality management, and re-engineering of production processes, and knowledge management,... etc., as This study framework cognitive and practical "to evaluate the performance of a company Diyala General Electric Industries and how to rehabilitate
Entomopathogenic fungi can be ideal for the biocontrol of cockroaches since it is environment-friendly microbial pesticide. Susceptibility of second and fourth instar of nymphs and adults of the brown banded cockroach, Supella longipalpa (F.) (Blattodea: Blattellidae) to the entomopathogenic fungi Beauveria bassiana (Bals.) Vuill. at two concentrations 1x 107 and 1x 108 spore/ml was evaluated. Fungus was tested by using two different methods: bait and direct contact. Mortality was monitored after 3, 5 and 7 days’ post exposure. Direct contact of B. bassiana at concentration 1x 107 spore/ml produced mortality on adults 82.76% and for fourth and second instar of nymphs 82.76 and 93.10% after 7 daysâ
... Show MoreThe treasury bills one internal government debt instruments in iraq that were used to finance temporary deficits in the government budget, There fore the government resorted to issuing for the purpose of providing liquidity, As well as to invest in productive progects, After that it was financing the budget deficit by the monetary authovity of the central baalpennek [the new cash velease] which led to negative effects on the Iraqi econome, Thus we find that the treasury transfers have formed alarge proportion of the gross domestic government debt to finance the deficit ayear ago 2003. &nbs
... Show MoreThe concept of training is no longer traditionally understood Limited organize traditional training courses, but has become a strategic choice in the investment and development of human resources system, attic trying to find the answer to the core problem of the study which
is the extent to which the training process, the traditional form that meets the needs of the company the development of intellectual capital.This research aimstostatementof the impact dimensions the training process(training role, support or top management , training programs, modern technology)of the in components Intellectual Capital(Human Capital, Structural Capital, Customer Capital) and provide the top management of the Company for the development of sci
... Show MoreAccording to grammarians In ( نإ) and Itha (اذإ) are conditionals and sometimes they may be used interchangeably. However, when they are mentioned in the Holy Qur’an, they have their own specific use. This paper attempts to investigate their meanings in the source language as well as investigate their translations and find out any differences or similarities. The translations that are adopted in this research are as follows: Pickthall, Al-Hilali & Khan, and Shakir.
In this paper we use the Markov Switching model to investigate the link between the level of Iraqi inflation and its uncertainty; forth period 1980-2010 we measure inflation uncertainty as the variance of unanticipated inflation. The results ensure there are a negative effect of inflation level on inflation uncertainty and all so there are a positive effect of inflation uncertainty on inflation level.  
... Show MoreIntroduction: Due to the high prevalence of diseases associated with obesity. There are several factors, including the genetic factors, it is known that the genes Fat mass and obesity-associated FTO rs9939609, the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) Ser447Ter, and the chymase 1 (CMA1) -1903A > G are associated with lipoprotein metabolism. The aim of the present investigation was to study the association of the FTO, LPL, and CMA1 genes with obesity in the children and adolescents population of the Rostov region, Russia. Methods: In a case-control study involving 500 children and adolescents aged from 3 to 17 years, the association between the genetic polymorphisms of the FTO rs9939609, LPL Ser447Ter (rs328) and CMA1 -1903A > G (rs1800875) with the obes
... Show MoreThe light-based life in the universe, including the human derived concepts and meanings of the fear of darkness and evil, comfort and goodness of light, became constitute bilateral haunted man to this day in various concepts of life.Therefore reflect the light form artistic aesthetic in visual arts such arts Fine Photography and the other until the emergence of art cinema, as the use of lighting in cinema has produced high-energy in the composition of its values expressive and symbolic, where it became dark and light are the space visually moving the vehicles media kit for many within the work structure artwork. The research is divided into five chapters, the first chapter (the methodological framework) that included an introduction the
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