Background: Because of many factors play a role in the developing of late lower arch crowding, therefore the objective of the current study is to do vertical analysis for subjects with late lower dental arch crowding. The conducted study is the first attempt to do vertical analysis for Iraqi subjects with late lower arch crowding to see if there is a vertical discrepancy in such patients. Subjects and methods: Eighty subjects were selected according to certain inclusion criteria from patients attending the Orthodontic Department in the College of Dentistry, Baghdad University, patients ranged between 18-25 years old. The 80 patients were divided into two groups (crowding and normal), 40 patients each (20 males and 20 females). A study cast of lower dental arch was obtained, and then Nance's space analysis made for each cast, Cephalometric radiographs were also taken for each patient involved in the current study and digitization was done to calculate nine vertical linear and twelve angular measurements. Results: Most of linear measurements showed higher mean values in crowding than normal subjects except S-Go, Ar-Go, and PFH/AFH, also subjects with crowding had significantly higher (P<0.05) anterior facial height (ANS-Me) than normal subjects, and that difference occurred only in the lower part of the face, the Jaraback Ratio (PFH/AFH) was also low in crowding subjects, also higher mean values of LADH, UADH and UPDH in crowding group, may be due to compensatory over eruption of teeth as a result a bite opening occurred, indicating that patients with crowding have tendency toward posterior rotation. Regarding the angular measurements, subjects (total males and females) with crowding had larger mean values than normal. There were no interactions between total mean values of normal and crowding subjects for any outcome angular parameter, except four of the twelve angular measurements (SN-MP, Occ-MP, PP-MP, and sum S.A.G angles) showed an interaction, with females in both normal and crowding groups exhibited higher mean values than males. Conclusions: Subjects with late lower arch crowding can have and/or affect on the vertical dimension, and the vertical discrepancy in late lower arch crowding should be considered during diagnosis and treatment plane of orthodontic cases, active treatment, and retention phase, in order to have stable end result in long term prognosis in orthodontics.
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Background: Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) is one of the largest causes of mortality worldwide. Clopidogrel, antiplatelet drug, has been widely used for management of CAD. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of clopidogrel on the oxidative stress in CAD patients. Methods: One hundred CAD patients, who were followed-up for 5 days after receiving clopidogrel, and 50 healthy volunteers were included in this study. Parameters include catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total oxidant capacity (TOC), total protein, albumin, and globulins were determined before and after treatment with clopidogrel. Results: CAT, TAC, and Tp were significantly decreased (P<0.0001) in CAD patients compared to healthy control and
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Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is the most frequent endocrinal disease commonly associated with thyroid disorders .The study is conducted at the Specialized Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes in Baghdad ,during December 2014 up to October 2015.This study was done to investigate the prevalence of anti- thyroid peroxidase (Anti-TPO) antibody in patients suffered from type 2 diabetes with thyroid disorders .The study groups included a total number of 80 subjects consisting of 60 type 2 diabetic patients divided into 20 hyperthyroidism subjects (group 1) ,20 hypothyroidism subjects (group 2), 20 euthyroidism subjects (group 3) and 20 healthy controls (group 4) . The fasting blood samples were analyzed for (T3,T4,TSH) by using Vitek Immuno d
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Gestational diabetes mellitus is glucose intolerance of varying degree with onset or first detection duringpregnancy,it can causelong and short term morbidities in both the mother and the child, such as shoulder dystocia,preeclampsia, and high blood pressure. The most powerful endogenous vasoconstrictor peptide, urotensin II, andits receptor are involved in the etiology of gestational diabetes mellitus.Aim of the study: The study’s goal was to see if there is a link between Urotensin II levels and insulin resistancein pregnant women with gestational diabetes.Patients and method: A case-control study that was conducted in obstetrics and gynecology department atBaghdad Teaching hospital from the first of January 2019 to the end of D
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Background: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a significant role in the activation of adaptive immunity and may have an essential role in the development of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Objectives: To assess the gene expression of TLR4 in individuals with RA compared to healthy individuals. Methods: From July to December 2022. A total of 100 individuals were encompassed in the study, consisting of 50 individuals diagnosed with RA, of whom 42 were females and 8 were males, with an average age of 45.22 years. Additionally, there were 50 healthy control participants, 40 of whom were females and 10 were males, with an average age of 45.64 years. To assess the TLR4 transcript levels, blood samples were collected from each participant, and RN
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Pemphigus vulgaris is an autoimmune disease of the skin and mucous membrane. Renal transplantation is a common procedure in
To study the frequency of skin tumors and infections in patients with pemphigus vulgaris compared with renal transplant recipients and normal controls.
One hundred kidney transplant recipients, their ages ranged from 14 to 70 (46.65 ± 4.74) years
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Background: One of the more significant hormonal systems, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, controls the kidney function, adrenal gland through its effect on the balance of sodium and potassium, blood pressure, fluid volume, and also manages the functions of cardiovascular. Objective: To clarify the interrelationship between renal dysfunction and renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Patients and Methods: One hundred samples were collected from December 1, 2022, to February 18, 2023, from Al Shams Medical Laboratories (56 male, and 44) female, age range (of 45-60 years), all of them were volunteers suffering from chronic renal failure in the third stage the average glomerular filtration rate was 35. 70 ± 0.37 12
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