Background: Imaging techniques play a very important role in the specialty of endodontic. The ultrasonographic technique is non-expensive procedure, safe, and reproducible. The aim of the study was to determine the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasonography in evaluation of periapical lesions (cyst, granuloma, mixed lesion “cyst within graulomas mass”, and abscess. Subject, Material and method: The sample consists of prospective study for 64 Iraqi participants who attended Karbalaa Specialized Center for Dentistry (males & females). Those patients were diagnosed clinically and radiographically as having periapical lesions of dental origin. They were examined by real time ultrasound and color Doppler ultrasonography with echographic predilection about the type of the lesion based on three parameters measured by ultrasound including: content, outline, and the vascularity. The echographic diagnosis was compared to the final histopathological and /or surgical findings obtained from the periapical surgeries. Results: The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of ultrasound diagnosis were respectively as follow: for periapical cyst, they were 92.3%, 96.1%, and 95.3%. While for periapical granulomam, they were 87.0%, 92.7%, and 90.6%. For mixed lesions, they were 66.7%, 98.4%, and 96.9% and lastly for periapical abscess, they were 92.0%, 97.4%, and 95.3%. The ultrasound diagnosis in our study had an overall agreement of 89% between ultrasound diagnosis and final diagnosis based on histopathological and/ or surgical findings. Conclusion: Ultrasound is a non- invasive, low cost, and complementary method for examination and diagnosis of periapical lesions and there is correlation of ultrasonographic findings with histopathological and /or surgical findings for final diagnosis.
Objective: Dental caries is a chronic infectious disease that is prevalent worldwide in all age groups. Numerous attempts have been made to develop conservative approaches to halt caries progression and restore enamel defects. This study aimed to investigate the effect of applying grape seed extract and chicken eggshell extract on the microhardness of demineralized enamel in permanent teeth. Methods: Forty-eight sound upper first premolars were used. Following demineralization with the demineralizing solution for 96 hours, they were distributed into four groups consistent with the treatment agent used: group A was treated with casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate (as a control group), group B was treated with grape se
... Show MoreA substantial matter to confidential messages' interchange through the internet is transmission of information safely. For example, digital products' consumers and producers are keen for knowing those products are genuine and must be distinguished from worthless products. Encryption's science can be defined as the technique to embed the data in an images file, audio or videos in a style which should be met the safety requirements. Steganography is a portion of data concealment science that aiming to be reached a coveted security scale in the interchange of private not clear commercial and military data. This research offers a novel technique for steganography based on hiding data inside the clusters that resulted from fuzzy clustering. T
... Show Moreالخلاصة
یعد والت وتمن شاعرا استثنائیا سواء أكان ذلك في المكانة التي یحتلھا في الأدب الأمریكي او في نمط
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ل t ة للتوص t ف الطبیع t وافقي لوص t اع ا لت t ن الإیق t تخدم وتم t ر ، اس t بوحدة الكون الذي عبر عنھ في شعره.وبمعنى آخ
نص t ل ال t جام داخ t رابط وانس t یج مت t ھ نس t ق انظم t دف لخل t ھ تھ t اھره أدبی t واف
Objectives Bromelain is a potent proteolytic enzyme that has a unique functionality makes it valuable for various therapeutic purposes. This study aimed to develop three novel formulations based on bromelain to be used as chemomechanical caries removal agents. Methods The novel agents were prepared using different concentrations of bromelain (10–40 wt. %), with and without 0.1–0.3 wt. % chloramine T or 0.5–1.5 wt. % chlorhexidine (CHX). Based on the enzymatic activity test, three formulations were selected; 30 % bromelain (F1), 30 % bromelain-0.1 % chloramine (F2) and 30 % bromelain-1.5 % CHX (F3). The assessments included molecular docking, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), viscosity and pH measurements. The efficiency
... Show MoreDrilling with casing (DWC) can be considered as a modern drilling technique in which both of drilling and casing operations done in the same time by using the casing to transfer the hydraulic and mechanical power to the bit instead of traditional drilling string. To overcome oil well control, minimizing the total cost through enhancing drilling efficiency, drilling with casing was proposed as an enabling technology.
Two surface sections (17 1/2 - and 12 1/4- inch) were drilled successfully in Rumaila oil field with casing strings which reached 655m and 1524m measured depths respectively.
By using DWC technique, the total drill/case phase time was reduced up to 20% comparing to conventional
... Show MoreRapid and continuous developments and changes in the modern business environment in all areas of economic, environmental, social, technology and communications push economic units to search for modern methods and methodologies to produce products at low cost as well as produce products that meet the wishes of customers in terms of quality and environment to maintain their market position, and accounting for the costs of the flow of materials is one of the most prominent environmental management accounting techniques capable of providing information to help produce