Background: Congenital heart disease is one of the most common developmental anomalies in children. These patients commonly have poor oral health that increase caries risk. Dental management of children with congenital heart disease requires special attention, because of their heightened susceptibility to infectious endocarditis. The aims of this study were to assess the severity of dental caries of primary and permanent teeth and treatment needs in relation to nutritional indicator (Body Mass Index) among children with congenital heart disease. Materials and Methods: In this case-control study, case group consisted of 399 patients aged between 6-12 years old with congenital heart disease were examined for dental status in Ibn Al-Bitar specialized center for cardiac surgery in Baghdad/Iraq. A case-matched group (healthy control) of 485 children was also examined from primary schools in Baghdad city. Diagnosis and recording of dental caries and treatment needs were recorded according to the criteria of WHO (1997). The assessment of nutritional status (BMI) was performed following Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth chart (2000). All data were analyzed using IBMSPSS version 23. Results: Results recorded the highest mean rank value of (DMFS)and (dmfs) were among CHD cases than control group with statistically high significant difference. Results revealed the mean rank values of (ds, ms, fs and dmfs) were higher at age group 6-7 years among CHD cases, while the mean rank values of (DS, MS, FS and DMFS) were higher at age group 12 years with statistically high significant difference among age group. The mean rank values of all types of treatment needs were recorded to be higher among CHD cases than control group, except for children no treatment needs, these differences were statistically highly significant. Also this study found that the mean rank values of caries experience (ds, ms, fs and dmfs) were higher among wasted than well nourished CHD cases with statistically highly significant for dmfs. Moreover, the mean rank values of all types of treatment need required were higher among wasted CHD cases than well nourished; however, the differences were statistical highly significant. Conclusion: The study revealed that these children are “at risk†from dental disease and malnourished, the primary focus should be on oral hygiene instructions, the awareness of infective endocarditis and they required a development of preventive programs.
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant tumor in women and the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. This work was conducted to estimate the roles of oxidative stress, vitamin B12, homocysteine (HCY), and DNA methylation in BC disease progression. Sixty BC patients (age range 33–80 years) and 30 healthy controls were recruited for this study. Patients with BC were split to group 1 consisted of stage II BC women (low level), and group 2 consisted of patients in stages III and IV (high level). Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase 3 (GPX3), HCY, and vitamin B12 levels in the study groups were measured. Also, the 5-methylcytosine (5mC) global DNA methylation levels were evaluated. The results showed a significant
... Show MoreThe Spotlight Effect, defined as individuals' tendency to overestimate the extent to which others notice and evaluate them, has important implications for psychological functioning, social interaction, and performance in educational and sport environments. Despite previous studies have addressed the Spotlight Effect theoretically and empirically, no validated instrument has been specifically developed to assess this construct especially among students of Colleges of Physical Education and Sport Sciences. This study aimed to develop and validate a Spotlight Effect Scale and establishing normative levels for its interpretation. The descriptive survey approach was used, involving 555 students from Colleges of Physical Education and Spo
... Show MoreThe deprivation Some of the children to exercise some fine motor activities a big problem , as a consequence, this problem plays of the delay in motor development during early childhood , Usually it happens to be the reasons for the lack of the right place to play , and the lack of the presence of the tools needed to play motor, or fear excessive protection by parents for their children as a result of lack of awareness of the importance of physical activity for the child to use his fingertips and fine his muscles . In addition to that small percentage of children spend most of their time in the daily activities and skills of non-motor , Such aswatching television, or play video games or they tend to play computer and mobile but they are
... Show MoreThe aim of this research is to measure the logical maturity of kindergarten children. To achieve this aim, the researcher adopted the scale of Gold Schmid and Bentler (1968), which was translated to the Arabic language by Shabili (1988). The scale was administered to a sample of (100) kindergarten children were chosen randomly from a number of kindergartens in Baghdad city for the academic year (2017-2018). SPSS was used to analyze the collected data. The results revealed there is a level of logical maturity among the kindergarten children. The researcher came out with a number of recommendations and suggestions. &
... Show MoreChildhood is characterized by ahigh privacy in the life of the child overall educational institutions in the world. Based on this specificity, modern education begins with a holistic vision of the child through all developmental aspects (moral, religious, emotional, social, linguistic, physical, health, and mental). This integration could be achieved through taking into consideration the needs and rights of children and developing curricula that consider these needs and capacities to provide opportunities for developing and supporting the developmental aspects of the child. The contemporary technological developments in the field of computer and the Internet have brought with it new forms, ideas, and problems for children in recent years
... Show MoreDoses for most drugs are determined from population-level information, resulting in a standard ?one-size-fits-all’ dose range for all individuals. This review explores how doses can be personalised through the use of the individuals’ pharmacokinetic (PK)-pharmacodynamic (PD) profile, its particular application in children, and therapy areas where such approaches have made inroads.
The Bayesian forecasting approach, based on population PK/PD models that account for variability in exposure and response, is a potent method for personalising drug therapy. Its potential utility is eve
A survey statistician for cholera in Iraq for 1980 and until 2003 show that cholera is endemic in Iraq and that the highest number of casualties recorded in the years 1998-1999 and increasing spread of the disease during the wars in hot climates, wet a study bacteriological used where circles selective and tests Alkouhaoah examinations serological system