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Discoloration of Stretched Clear Elastomeric Chains by Dietary Media (An in vitro study)
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Background: With the increasing demand on esthetic orthodontic appliances, discoloration of clear elastomeric chains and modules remains an issue which concerns both orthodontics and patients. This in vitro study was conducted to evaluate the effect of exposing stretched clear elastomeric chains from six different companies (Ortho Technology, Ormco, Ortho Organizer, American Orthodontics, Opal and G&H companies) to three types of dietary media (tea, coffee and turmeric). Materials and methods: A total of 960 lengths of six modules were cut from short type elastomeric chain; 160 pieces from each brand. The specimens were stretched 50%, placed on plastic boards, and incubated in water at 37°C for 1 day, 7 days, 14 days and 28 days. Once a day, the specimens were immersed for ten minutes in the testing dietary media, washed and then returned back to the water container. Color measurements were made before and after incubation of the specimens. Digital image were taken by an SLR digital camera and the color changes were calculated according to CIE L*a*b* color space system by Adobe Photoshop program. The resulting data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA and LSD tests. Result: Elastomeric chains from AO, Opal and G&H companies were the most brands prone to discoloration. Ortho Organizers and Ortho Technology chains were the least prone to discoloration. Tea, coffee and turmeric solutions discolored elastomeric chains from all companies in a variable degree, however turmeric caused significantly more discoloration, followed by tea and least by coffee. The amount of discoloration caused by tea and coffee increases gradually to peak at 28 days, while most of the discoloration caused by turmeric was in the first day and reached a plateau in a week. Conclusion: To decrease the discoloration of clear elastomeric chains the consumption of colored dietary media especially spices like turmeric are to be discouraged.

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Publication Date
Wed Feb 06 2019
Journal Name
Journal Of The College Of Education For Women
The Effect use of the Internet in Academic Libraries A Case Study
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The aim of this research is to show the importance of the effective use
of the internet in academic libraries; to improve the services and to increase
the competence of librarians.
The research has given some recommendations to improve the quality
of services and the need for cooperative network among academic libraries.

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Publication Date
Sat Jan 05 2019
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Physics
Study of optical bistability in a fully optimized laser Fabry-Perot system
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The analytical study of optical bistability is concerned in a fully
optimized laser Fabry-Perot system. The related phenomena of
switching dynamics and optimization procedure are also included.
From the steady state of optical bistability equation can plot the
incident intensity versus the round trip phase shift (φ) for different
values of dark mistuning 




12
,
6
,
3
,
1.5
0 , o
   
 or finesse (F= 1, 5, 20,
100). In order to obtain different optical bistable loops. The inputoutput
characteristic for a nonlinear Fabry-Perot etalon of a different
values of finesse (F) and using different initial detuning (φ0) are used
in this rese

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Publication Date
Sun Jun 07 2015
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Study of Some Biochemical Parameters in Iraqi Children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
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Leukemia or cancer of the blood is the most common childhood cancer, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), is the most common form of leukemia that occurs in children. It is characterized by the presence of too many immature white blood cells in the child’s blood and bone marrow, Acute lymphoblastic leukemia can occur in adults too, treatment is different for children. Children with ALL develop symptoms related to infiltration of blasts in the bone marrow, lymphoid system, and extramedullary sites, such as the central nervous system (CNS). Common constitutional indications consist of fatigue (50%), pallor (25%), fever (60%), and weight loss (26%). Infiltration of blast cells in the marrow cavity and periosteum often lead to bone

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Publication Date
Sun Jan 01 2023
Journal Name
Aip Conference Proceedings
Prevalence of polypharmacy among older adult patients in Baghdad: A descriptive study
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Publication Date
Sat Jul 30 2022
Journal Name
Gsc Biological And Pharmaceutical Sciences
Histological study of liver for squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) (Güldenstädt, 1785) in Iraq
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The liver (hepatic) is one of the largest glands or organs of the digestive system in the body of living organisms, including rodents, take the squirrel in this study for example. The study and the collection of sources emerged to be put into the hands of those, especially those interested in histological studies, including junior or professionals and veterinarians, knowledge of the stains used in the research and their final results.

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Publication Date
Sun Aug 01 2021
Journal Name
Biochemical And Cellular Archive
ANATOMICAL AND PALYNOLOGICAL STUDY OF AGAVE AMERICANA L. (ASPARAGACEAE) GROWING IN IRAQ
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The anatomical features of Agave americana L. leaf have been described, transverse sections of the leaf have been examined, the epidermis is single-layered on both surfaces, the stomata are sunken and mesophyll is (2-3) layers of parenchyma cells, vascular bundles are collateral type. The pollen of A. americana was studied. The observation was made with L.M. (Light microscope) and S.E.M. (Scanning electron microscope) to determine the significance of pollen features as taxonomic characters. The pollen was monades, homopolar, monosulcate, and with large size, subprolate in shape from P/E ratio (Polar axis/ Equatorial diameter) and furrow length and width, exine thickness and ornamentation.

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Publication Date
Mon Jun 03 2019
Journal Name
Rawal Medical Journal
SUPERIOR VERSUS ANTERIOR PLATING OF MIDSHAFT CLAVICLE FRACTURE IN ADULT COMPARATIVE STUDY
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Clavicle fractures are common injuries in young, active individuals. The majority of the fractures (80% to 85%) occur in the mid-shaft of the bone and account for approximately 2.6% of all fractures. For many years the standard treatment of fracture clavicle was the "figure-of-eight" bandage but several indications for operative fixation, the position of plate fixation for clavicle fracture remains controversial. The aim of this study is to compare between anterio—inferior and anterior-superior plating of mid-shaft displaced clavicle fracture in complications, plate prominence, nonunion, malunion and range of motion. This study is a prospective study conducted in Al-Kindy teaching hospital .A total of 30 patients with fracture mid –sh

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2009
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Use the Six Sigma technique in a solutionProblems of work (analytical study)
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The research Concentrates on modern Variable in the organizations that is 6 sigma. The field study is two of Iraqi industrial organizations, The first is state company of …………… , the other is the state company of ……

The problem of the research determines some questions and hypotheses, The data was Collected by question air, which contains 5 dimensions and (10) critical Successful factories  . 

The sample contains (42) who Works in that organizations. The points out many conclusions. The main of it, there is significant differences among the two organizations Then The research concluded with a number of important recommendations serve it's objectives .

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Publication Date
Sun Sep 01 2024
Journal Name
Green Analytical Chemistry
Green methods for determination of paracetamol in drug samples: A comparative study
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Publication Date
Sat Nov 15 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Physical Education
A Study of Actual Training Time Administration in Bedra Specialized Weightlifting Club
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