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Evaluation of the effect of preheating on micro leakage of Class II composites Restoration (A comparative in vitro study)
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Background: The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the effect of preheating microleakage among three different filler size composites which include Filtektm Z250 micro hybrid, Z250xt Nano hybrid and nanocomposite Z350xt.  in Class II cavity preparation .

Materials and methods: sixty maxillary first premolars were prepared with class II cavities. Samples were divided into three groups according to material used    group A (FiltekZ250 micro hybrid). Group B(Z250xt Nano hybrid). Group C (nanocomposite Z350xt)and each group divided into two subgroups of ten teeth according to temperature of  composite: Group A1 Teeth are restored by composite at  room temperature(24±1ËšC), A2 Teeth are restored by same composite at preheated temperature(54±1ËšC). After 24 hrs. immersion in 2% in methylene blue, samples were sectioned and micro leakage was estimated.

Results: The greater scores of micro leakage mentioned in Group A( Z250 micro hybrid) in cervical margin while in Group B( Z250xt Nano hybrid) and  Group C (Z350xt nanocomposite) have least score of micro leakage especially in occlusal margin.

Conclusions: The scores of micro leakage for all groups varied with different material, margin and temperature. Generally, preheating decreased micro leakage  in all groups of composites ,but Preheating decreased micro leakage effectively in Z250 micro hybrid more than Z250xt Nano hybrid and Z350xt nanocomposite micro leakage .

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Publication Date
Wed Sep 01 2021
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
The Effect of Adding High-Density Polyethylene Polymer on the Engineering Characteristics for Sandy Soil
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The loose sand is subject to large settlement when it is exposed to high stresses. This settlement is due to the nature of the high drainage of sand, which displays foundations and constructions to a large danger. The densification of loose sandy soils is required to provide sufficient bearing capacity for the structures. Thus soil stabilization is used to avoid failure in the facilities. Traditional methods of stabilized sandy soil such as fly ash, bituminous, and cement often require an extended curing period. The use of polymers to stabilize sandy soils is more extensive nowadays because it does not require a long curing time in addition to being chemically stable. In this study, the effect of adding different percent

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Publication Date
Wed May 10 2023
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Effect of the Iranian Seperation Dikes on the Water Salinity Patterns Within Al Huweizah Marsh
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Al Huweizah Marsh is considered as the largest marsh at the southern part of Iraq. About one third of the marsh is located within the Iranian territory. Iran began to construct earth dikes along the Iraqi-Iranian international borders to separate the Iranian part of the marsh. The electrical conductivity, EC, value was adopted to be the indicator for the water salinity within the marsh. A steady two-dimensional water quality routing model was implemented by using the RMA2 and RMA4 softwares within the SMS computer package to estimate the distribution of the
EC values within the marsh seasonally during the wet, moderate and dry water years. The EC distribution Patterns were estimated considering the expected two cases of the marsh futu

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Publication Date
Tue Jan 01 2019
Journal Name
Energy Procedia
Studying the effect of adding buffer gases to CO2 gas on the electron transport parameter
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Publication Date
Tue Jun 01 2021
Journal Name
مجلة جامعة الانبار للعلوم البدنیة والریاضیة
The effect of the flipped classroom on cognitive achievement Some basic football skills for students
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The aim of the research is to design a test with cognitive achievement through the use of the inverted class strategy for some basic soccer skills for gyms for first-average students, within the curriculum of the Ministry of Education, where the researcher used the experimental approach. For the same division (B) and the number of each group (10) students, i.e. the total total of the research sample (20) students, and the pre-test for the research sample was applied through the design of the test prepared by the research after which the educational program with the strategy was applied to the research sample and continued (8) weeks after Completion of the tutorial has been post-tested for the research sample, In it, he reached significant r

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 01 2020
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
The Effect of Alcoholic and Aqueous Extract of Piper nigrum on the Larvae of Culex pipiens molestus Forskal (Diptera:Culicidae)
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          The present study includes the effect of the ethanolic and aqueous extract of Piper nigrum against the third instar of Culex pipiens molestus (Diptera:Culicidae) in different concentrations: 1, 1.5 ppm of ethanolic extracts of Piper nigrum causing 100% mortality of larvae in the second day of treatment, while the concentrations 5% of aqueous extracts of Piper nigrum caused 100% mortality of larvae in the second day of treatment. The concentration 2.5% caused 100% mortality of larvae after four days of treatment. The current study also detected the effect of 0.1% concentration of Piper nigrum aqueous extract. The effect of this concentratio

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Publication Date
Sat Oct 01 2011
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Effect of etchant type and the use of silane on the shear bond strength of composite resin to porcelain
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Background: This study was formulated to compare the effect of 5%hydrofluoric acid in comparison to 37%phosphoric acid with and without the application of silane on bond strength of composite to porcelain. Materials and Methods: Specimen preparation was divided in to two phases, metal-disks fabrication (8mm-diameter and 4mm-thickness) and ceramic veneering. Thirty two specimens were prepared, sandblasted with 50 μm aluminum oxide, and divided into four groups of eight samples. Groups I and III were etched with 37%phosphoric acid while groups II and IV were etched with 5%hydrofluoric acid; and groups I and II were silaneted while groups III and IV were not. Heliobond, and resin composite were applied to each specimen using a plastic transpa

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Publication Date
Tue Nov 01 2022
Journal Name
Baghdad Science Journal
Effect of Secondary Metabolite Crude of Metarhizum anisopliea Fungus on the Second Larval Stage of the Housefly Musca domestica
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Publication Date
Tue Feb 15 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Aquatic Science
Effect of adding different levels of dried dill (Anethum gravelens) to the diet on the productive performance of broilers
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This study was conducted at the poultry research station to the office of Agricultural Research / Ministry of Agriculture / during the period 4/1/2016 to 5/5/2016 and 336 one-day-old Ross308 chicks were used, and fed on diets provided with dried dill (Anethum gravelens) at levels 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8% for treatments D2, D3 and D4, respectively, and they were compared with the control treatment D1. Each treatment included three replicates in each replicate contain 28 birds, in order to study the effect of adding different levels of dried dill plant on the productive performance and some characteristics of the carcass for broilers. The results showed a significant increase (p<0.05) in the average body weight at 5 weeks of age for the treatments (

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Publication Date
Tue Dec 13 2011
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Laser
The Effect of 532nm Nd: YAG Pulsed Laser on the Activity of Superoxide dismutase and Alcoholdehydrogenase of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae
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In this study, the effect of Nd: YAG laser on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and alcoholdehydrogenase (ADH) was investigated. The Saccharomyces cells were irradiated using 532nm Q-Switched Nd: YAG laser with (1Hz) frequency. Different fluences 11.3, 22.6 and 33.9mJ/cm2 and different number of pulses 15, 30 and 60 pulse were used. The irradiated cells were incubated in a liquid nutritive medium for 24 hours. After incubation, the cells were harvested and disrupted to extract the intracellular enzymes and their activities were assessed. In comparison with the control, the irradiated cells showed a significant increase in the activity and the specific activity of SOD at energy densities of 11.3 and 22.6mJ/cm2 at 30 and 60 pulses

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Publication Date
Thu Sep 11 2025
Journal Name
Journal Of Baghdad College Of Dentistry
Determination of the effect of stress on the salivary cortisol level among sample of university students having myofacial pain
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Background: Psychological stress is considered the major etiological factor precipitating myofacial pain and temporomandibular disorders.It is known that stress induce various adaptational responses of physiologic systems. The process includes increase in the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis which promotes cortisol secretion. Salivary cortisol has been used as a measure of free circulating cortisol levels.The use of salivary biomarkers has gained increased popularity since collecting samples is non-invasive and painless. The aim of thisstudy was to evaluate the level of cortisol in saliva among sample of university students having myofacial pain, during the final exam period and whether this finding could have a significa

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