Background: Orthodontic force is considered to stimulate cells in the periodontium to release many mediators such as cytokines which play a responsible role for periodontal and alveolar bone remodeling, bone resorption and new bone deposition. Aim of this study was carried out to estimate changes of the (interleukin-one beta, tumor necrosis factor – alpha and C-reactive protein) levels in unstimulated whole saliva during the leveling stage of orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of thirty adult patients (12 males and 18 females) with ages ranges (19-23) years. Each sample had Class I and Class II malocclusion dental classification and required bilateral extraction of their maxillary first premolars, underwent a session of professional oral hygiene and received oral hygiene instructions before and during the period of study, one month later fixed orthodontic appliance were placed in the upper arch by using 0.014 nickel titanium arch wire. The unstimulated whole saliva was taken from each sample immediately before placement of the appliance (baseline), and at (after1hour, after one week and after two week) following placement of the fixed orthodontic appliance. In addition the plaque index and gingival index were recorded during the interval periods of this study to assess oral cleanliness. The interleukin – one beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, while the C-reactive protein was determined by latex agglutination. Results: The results of the present study found the mean value of both salivary (interleukin-one beta and tumor necrosis factor -alpha) were highest at (after1hour) followed by at (after one week) then at (after two week) than the baseline with highly statistical significant differences (P< 0.01) among males, females and total samples, in addition there were no statistical significant differences between males and females (P>0.05). While the mean values of C-reactive protein were higher at (after 1hour) only with highly significant differences (P< 0.01) among females and total samples while only significant difference (P<0.05) for males, in addition there were no statistical significant differences between males and females. Regarding the correlation between salivary (interleukin – one beta and tumor necrosis factor -alpha), there were positive correlation between them at all periods of study. Moreover there were positive correlation between salivary (interleukin – one beta and tumor necrosis factor -alpha) and salivary C-reactive protein. On the other hand there were no association between the salivary (interleukin – one beta and tumor necrosis factor -alpha and C-reactive protein) and clinical parameter (plaque index and gingival index). Conclusion: From this clinical study we conclude that orthodontic force induces increasing the levels of (interleukin – one beta, tumor necrosis factor -alpha, C-reactive protein) in unstimulated whole saliva during orthodontic tooth movement.
The present study took up the different ways to cultivate the species Epipremnum aureum by two habitat water and soil and comber the anatomical features of the root, stem, and leaf. The results showed amazing significant anatomical features to the ecosystem. The root and stem anatomy showing decrease in all characters that studied but the leaf anatomy showing increase of palisade, spongy tissue thickness, midrib thickness, number of vessels in the xylem also the long and width of stomata of the soilless plants than soil ones. The upper epidermis empty from the stomata for the two treatment and the stoma diffuse in the lower epidermis, the type of it paracytic type. Also the total of flavonoids in the plant that were growth in soil reached 1
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This study was aimed to estimate the influence of Conocarpus erectus L. residues, and some micronutrients on growth and production of potato. This research was conducted at one of the fields of the College of Agricultural Engineering Sciences - University of Baghdad. The experiment was implemented using factorial arrangement (4X3X3) within randomized complete block design with three replicates. Conocarpus fertilizer was represented the first factor with three levels (7.5, 15, 30 ton.ha-1), which symbolized (C2, C3, C4). Mineral fertilizer as recommended dose as a control, which symbolized (C1). The second factor was foliar spraying with three levels of iron (0, 100, 200 mg.L-1), which symbolized (F0, F1, F2). The third factor is fol
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A total of 215 sheep and 87 goats were carefully searched for ixodid ticks from January to December 2015 at different regions of the middle and south of Iraq. The detached ticks count 1533 ticks from sheep with intensity of 8.4 and count 332 ticks from goats with intensity of 6.8. Tick species recovered from sheep and their incidence rates were: Rhipicephalus turanicus (39%), Hyalomma anatolicum (28%), R. (Boophilus) annulatus (11%), Hyalomma sp. (9%), H. turanicum (6%), H. excavatum (6%) and R. leporis (1%) while the tick species recovered from goats and their incidence rates were: R. turanicus (64%), H. anatolicum (24%)
... Show MorePure and doped barium titanate with Mg2+ ion at two molar ratios x= (5%, 10%) mol. has been synthesized by solid state reaction technique. The powders sintered at two temperatures (1000 °C and 1400 °C). An XRD technique was used in order to study the crystal structure of pure and doped barium titanate, which confirmed the formation of the tetragonal phase of BaTiO3, and then calculate the lattice parameters of pure and doped barium titanate, the addition of magnesium ion Mg2+ can lead to decreases lattice parameters.
In this paper, nanofluid of TiO2/water of concentrations of 0.002% and 0.004% volume was used. This nanofluid was flowing through heat exchanger of shell and concentric double tubes with counter current flow to the hot oil. The thermal conductivity of nanofluid is enhanced with increasing concentrations of the TiO2, this increment was by 19% and 16.5% for 0.004% and 0.002% volume respectively relative to the base fluid (water). Also the heat transfer coefficient of the nanofluid is increased as Reynold's number and nanofluid concentrations increased too. The heat transfer coefficient is increased by 66% and 49% for 0.004% and 0.002% volume respectively relative to the base fluid. This study showed that the friction
... Show MoreS Khalifa E, AH Khalil I, N Adil A, AB Razan A…, 2009
Synthesis and study liquid crystalline properties of new compounds with terminal groups of amides ([III]a-c,[IV]a-c and [VI]n), alkoxy series[V]n or ester with azo linkage ([IX]a-c and[X]a-c) containing thaizole ring. These series were synthesized by many steps starting from 4- hydroxyacetophenone or 4-aminoacetophenone. The synthesized compounds were characterized using melting points, FTIR, C.H.N.S analysis and for some of them 1H NMR spectroscopy. The liquid crystalline properties were studied by hot stage polarizing microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry DSC. All compounds of series [III]a-c,[IV]a-c and compounds [V]n showed enantiotropic liquid crystal. While the series [VI]n showed nematic mesomorphism except [VI]8 did not s
... Show MoreProteus mirabilis ? -lactamase of local isolates number 4TF represent karkh side and 20TF represent rusafa side of Baghdad were extracted and purified 23.17, 25.23 fold with yield of 36.66 %, 37.5% and specific activity 11.8, 12.6 of unit/ mg protein by DEAE –cellulose and Sepharose 4B (respectively ).Molecular weight of both enzyme was about 35500 Dalton determined by gel filtration. The study indicated that the isoelectric point of purified ? -lactamase that extracted from isolate number 4TF and 20TF was 5.4.