Background: Orthodontic force is considered to stimulate cells in the periodontium to release many mediators such as cytokines which play a responsible role for periodontal and alveolar bone remodeling, bone resorption and new bone deposition. Aim of this study was carried out to estimate changes of the (interleukin-one beta, tumor necrosis factor – alpha and C-reactive protein) levels in unstimulated whole saliva during the leveling stage of orthodontic tooth movement. Materials and methods: The sample consisted of thirty adult patients (12 males and 18 females) with ages ranges (19-23) years. Each sample had Class I and Class II malocclusion dental classification and required bilateral extraction of their maxillary first premolars, underwent a session of professional oral hygiene and received oral hygiene instructions before and during the period of study, one month later fixed orthodontic appliance were placed in the upper arch by using 0.014 nickel titanium arch wire. The unstimulated whole saliva was taken from each sample immediately before placement of the appliance (baseline), and at (after1hour, after one week and after two week) following placement of the fixed orthodontic appliance. In addition the plaque index and gingival index were recorded during the interval periods of this study to assess oral cleanliness. The interleukin – one beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, while the C-reactive protein was determined by latex agglutination. Results: The results of the present study found the mean value of both salivary (interleukin-one beta and tumor necrosis factor -alpha) were highest at (after1hour) followed by at (after one week) then at (after two week) than the baseline with highly statistical significant differences (P< 0.01) among males, females and total samples, in addition there were no statistical significant differences between males and females (P>0.05). While the mean values of C-reactive protein were higher at (after 1hour) only with highly significant differences (P< 0.01) among females and total samples while only significant difference (P<0.05) for males, in addition there were no statistical significant differences between males and females. Regarding the correlation between salivary (interleukin – one beta and tumor necrosis factor -alpha), there were positive correlation between them at all periods of study. Moreover there were positive correlation between salivary (interleukin – one beta and tumor necrosis factor -alpha) and salivary C-reactive protein. On the other hand there were no association between the salivary (interleukin – one beta and tumor necrosis factor -alpha and C-reactive protein) and clinical parameter (plaque index and gingival index). Conclusion: From this clinical study we conclude that orthodontic force induces increasing the levels of (interleukin – one beta, tumor necrosis factor -alpha, C-reactive protein) in unstimulated whole saliva during orthodontic tooth movement.
Background: The microorganisms can impend the life of health care professional and particularly the dental practitioners. They can be transmitted by different ways like airborne and droplet transmission. The current study was carried out to identify whether the arch wires that received from the manufactures are free from microbial contamination and to determine the bacterial species attached to the arch wires. Materials and Methods: This study involved eighty samples, consisted of two types of arch wires (nitinol and stainless-steel) from four companies (3M, G&H, Jiscop, OrthoTechnology). These wires inserted in a plane tube that contains 10 -ml of (Tris [tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane] and EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) tri
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The purpose of this study was to know the effect of adding different percentages of soy protein a humidifier to mix Sarcoma Barker component of the beef mixture Alkhalt added Alber elderly chicken with five ratios were manufacturing Alberkr discs for sensory evaluation
Three of imide intermediate products were synthesized by reacting of phthalic anhydride with glycine (2a), and tetrachloro phthalic anhydride with glycine , (S)-2-[(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)amino]-3-aminopropionic acid ( 2b,c) respectively in dry toluene with azeotropic removal of water using Dean- stark apparatus then carboxyl functional group activated by refluxing with thionyl chloride, the resulted acid chloride (3a-c) were reacted with different amine (5-flourouracil, 4-chloroaniline, 4-bromoaniline, 2-amino thiazole, and pyrrolidine) (4a-e) , the resulted products consider as
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This study deals with the absence of state control over the whole of the Syrian geography in creating an environment conducive to the emergence of a new force represented by armed groups and organizations that point to fundamental changes in the conflict and to transform competition for control over the land into a struggle for influence. Which in itself represents the prospects of change in the Syrian scene, and that understanding their interests requires shedding light on the extent of the continuation of this competition and the conflict on land and expansion at the expense of the other, and thus contribute to complicate the Syrian scene, especially after attempts to bite Of land and annexation to each party's areas of influence, espe
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Background: Sliding mechanics is widely used during orthodontic treatment. One of the disadvantages of this mechanics is the friction generated at the bracket/archwire interface, which may reduce the amount of desired orthodontic movement obtained. The aim of the present in vitro study was to evaluate and compare the static frictional forces produced by two passive self-ligating brackets stainless-steel and hybrid and two conventional brackets stainless-steel and monocrystal ligated with stainless-steel ligature wire at two degrees of torque(zero and twenty) under dry condition. Materials and method: One hundred and sixty brackets were used in this study divided into four groups each group consisted of forty brackets these are: Two self-li
... Show MoreBackground: Several pathologies of the oral cavity have been associated with stress. Dental students need to gain assorted proficiencies as theoretical knowledge, clinical proficiencies, and interpersonal dexterity which is accompanied with high level of stress. Uric acid is the major antioxidant in saliva. The aim of this study is to assess the dental caries experience among dental students with different levels of dental environment stress in relation to physicochemical characteristics of whole unstimulated saliva.
Materials and Methods: the total sample is composed of 300 dental students (73 males, 227 female) aged 22-23 years old, from collage of dentistry / university of Baghdad, from the 4t
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Background: This study was conducted among diabetic persons to assess the sweet and salty taste sensitivity with its effect on gingival health in relation to salivary serotonin levels. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional comparative study design was used. All patients with diabetes aged 12-14 years that attend the Paediatric hospital at Baghdad medical city with specific inclusion criteria were involved in the sample of the present study (patients group 50 patients) compared with non-diabetic persons matched in age and gender of the study sample (control group 70 patients) who were attending dental unit in the college of dentistry/university of Baghdad. A two-alternative forced choice question including each component presented at f
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