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The Effects of Enamel Protective Agents on Shear Bond Strength After Rebonding of Stainless Steel Orthodontic Bracket (An in Vitro Study)
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ABSTRACT Background: Bracket rebonding is a common problem in orthodontics which may result in many drawbacks. The aims of this study were to evaluate the effects of application of two enamel protective agents “Icon” and “ProSeal” on shear bond strength before and after rebonding of stainless steel orthodontic brackets using conventional orthodontic adhesive and to assess the site of bond failure. Materials and methods: Fifty sound extracted human upper first premolar teeth were selected and randomly divided into two equal groups; the first time bonding and the rebonding groups (n=30). Each group was subdivided into control, Icon and ProSeal subgroups. The enamel protective agents were applied after etching (preconditioners). Shear bond strength before and after rebonding of stainless steel brackets were assessed using the Universal testing machine and the adhesive remnant index was used to find out the bond failure site using a stereomicroscope. Then the results were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA analysis test and T-test. Results: There were no significant differences in the shear bond strength mean values in either group or their corresponding subgroups. Forty percentage of the bond failure in ProSeal groups occurred away from the enamel where 75% of those were at the enamel protective agents/adhesive interface. Conclusions: The application of Icon and ProSeal did not compromise the shear bond strength and the application of the ProSeal may protect the enamel surface from trauma (cracks, chipping or detachment).

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Publication Date
Sat Feb 01 2020
Journal Name
Journal Of Economics And Administrative Sciences
Evaluation of banking performance according to the CAMELS model An applied study of Al-Mansour Investment Bank for the period 2014-2018.
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The banking sector has a significant impact on the economic growth of the country, and the importance of this sector must assess its financial performance from time to time, to measure the situation related to money for each bank and how to put the supervision of the efficiency of the full. The research aims at evaluating the financial performance according to the elements of the CAMELS model, which including capital adequacy, asset quality, management efficiency, profitability, liquidity, and market risk sensitivity. The research included the study of Al-Mansour Investment Bank during the period from 2014 to 2018. The base capital ratio was used to total assets to measure capital adequacy The proportion of investments to total a

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Publication Date
Sun May 22 2022
Journal Name
International Journal Of Early Childhood Special Education
The effectiveness of the electronic public relations of Al- Shuhadaa Establishment: an analytical study of the website contents, the official social networking sites of Al- Shuhadaa Establishment
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public relations at Al-Shuhadaa Establishment: an analytical study of social networking sites and the website) came to know and monitor the contents of social networking sites for Al-Shuhadaa Establishment, the research problem was represented by the main question: (What is the effectiveness of social networking sites and the website of Al-Shuhadaa Establishment) ,This research was classified within the descriptive research, and the two researchers adopted the survey method in order to achieve the objectives of the research, and they used the tool: content analysis as a research tool, the analysis of the contents included the official website of the establishment (Instagram page), and other social networking sites that Al-Shuhadaa Establish

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Plant Archives
STUDY OF THE EFFECT OF COLD PLASMA ON THE REPRODUCTIVE ENDOCRINOLOGY OF MALE RATS
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Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is used widely in medical and biological fields because of non-thermal effected. Direct application of plasma is preferred in medical functions, so, direct application of cold plasma has obtained by the floating electrode dielectric barrier discharge (FE-DBD) system. The purpose of this paper to review the effect of (CAP) on the reproductive hormones (testosterone, LH, E2, progesterone, for male rats. The study appeared that no significant effect on E2 and progesterone hormone for all time of exposure, besides this significant difference in LH hormone (P<0.05) at 15 sec, (P<0.0001) at 30, 90 sec and (P<0.001) at 60 sec of exposure to plasma. Added to that significant difference (P<0.01) at 15, 30, 60 sec and no

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Publication Date
Wed Nov 01 2017
Journal Name
Journal Of Engineering
Modelling and Optimization of Corrosion Inhibition of Mild Steel in Phosphoric Acid by Red Pomegranate Peels Aqueous Extract
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Taguchi experimental design (TED) is applied to find the optimum effectiveness of aqueous Red Pomegranate Peel (RPP) extract as a green inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in 2M H3PO4 solution. The Taguchi methodology has been used to study the effects of changing, temperature, RPP concentration and contact period, at three levels. Weight-loss measurements were designed by construction a L9 orthogonal arrangement of experiments.   Results of the efficiencies of inhibition were embraced for the signal to noise proportion & investigation of variance (ANOVA).  The results were further processed with a MINITAB-17 software package to find the optimal condition

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Publication Date
Sun Mar 03 2024
Journal Name
Buildings
Reduced Volume Approach to Evaluate Biaxial Bubbled Slabs’ Resistance to Punching Shear
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The bubbled slab, a type of reinforced concrete (RC) slab with plastic voids, is an innovative design that employs a biaxial distribution of voiding formers within the slab to reduce the slab’s self-weight while preserving a load-carrying capacity that is approximately comparable to that of solid slabs. This paper presents a new approach for figuring out the effective critical shear perimeter of voided slabs using the reduced-volume concept of concrete. This approach aims to reduce the coefficient of variation of the current design standards, namely the ACI 318-19 and Eurocode 2, for assessing the slabs’ resistance to punching shear. Our experimental program investigated the impact of voiding former patterns and the location of

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Publication Date
Fri Nov 21 2025
Journal Name
Sciences Journal Of Physical Education
Comparison of maximum strength and peak electrical activity (EMG) of the muscles of the two legs among bodybuilding players and Weightlifting
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Publication Date
Wed Jan 01 2020
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Applied Physics
Effects of Operation Parameters on Structures and Surface Morphology of Tin Dioxide Nanostructures Prepared by DC Reactive Sputtering
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Publication Date
Thu Apr 01 2021
Journal Name
Iraqi Journal Of Applied Physics
Effects of Solvent Properties on Absorption and Fluorescence Characteristics of Two Organic Dyes Used as Random Gain Media
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In this work, the effects of solvent properties on the characteristics of absorption and fluorescence for two laser dyes was studied. Dyes used in this work include Coumarin 5400 and DCM, while the solvents include ethanol, methanol, acetone, propanol and chloroform. Coumarin 5400 dye shows sharp fluorescence peaks in the green band of visible region while the DCM dye shows relatively wide band within 590-630 nm. Therefore, the selection of any dye for random gain medium applications should be performed after determining the most appropriate solvent as the optimum fluorescence characteristics are obtained.

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Publication Date
Thu Nov 17 2022
Journal Name
مجلة الدراسات الدولية
Iraq's strategic performance in achieving sustainable development after 2005: challenges and coping strategies
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The research discusses the obstacles that faced the Iraqi strategic performance in achieving sustainable development after the election of the first Iraqi government in 2005 and the most important strategies to overcome these obstacles.

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Publication Date
Wed Jan 10 2018
Journal Name
Al–bahith Al–a'alami
Work Stress Sources of the Communicator in Public Relations “A field study on Governmental Institutions in UAE”.
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This study addressed the work stress sources and level of the communicator in public relations in governmental institutions in the United Arab Emirates. The importance of this study is the lack of studies on work stress of the communicator in public relations. The study aimed to investigate the work stress source Physical, individual, groups, organizational and Professional source which effect on the performance of communicator in public relations. The researcher used the descriptive approach and questionnaire as an essential tool for collecting information. Some of the important results of the study are The communicator in public relations facing stress in work by 42% which affect on his performance by average level. The organizational

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