ABSTRACT Background: stress is the reactions of the body to forces of a deleterious nature, infections and various abnormal states that tend to disturb its normal physiological equilibrium; It is described as adverse emotions or reactions to unpleasant experiences; Thus, any real or perceived physical, social, or psychological event or stimulus that causes bodies to react or respond have deleterious effects on the general and oral health. The aims of this study were to assess the severity of dental caries among the students with different categories of stressful life events in relation to physicochemical characteristics of whole stimulated saliva. Materials and Methods: the total sample is composed of 300 students (males only) aged 17-18 years old, who are randomly selected from 10 school in the First Al-Karkh/Baghdad. The total sample classified into three categories (less stress, more stress, accumulative stress) according to stressful life events scale (SLE); the sub sample consist of 60 students who are randomly selected from the total sample each category composed of 20 students. Diagnosis and recording of dental caries was assessed according to Decay, Missed, Filled surface index (D1-4MFS) of Muhlemann (1976). Stimulated salivary samples were collected from the 60 students then measuring salivary flow rate; and chemically analyzed to determine salivary interlukin-6 (IL-6), cortisol, and total protein. All data were analyzed using SPSS version 21. Results: Results recorded the highest mean rank value of (DMFS) was among the accumulative stress category of stressful life events scale followed by more stress category, the lowest mean rank value was among less stress category with statistically high significant difference (P< 0.001). For the severity of dental caries (DS) Fraction was higher among the accumulative stress category than more stress and less stress categories respectively (P< 0.001). According to the grades of lesion severity, for all fractions the higher mean rank values was among accumulative stress category with no statically differences except for (D2) was significant (P< 0.05). The data from salivary analysis showed that, the highest values of salivary total protein and (IL-6) were among the accumulative stress category, followed by more stress then the lowest value among less stress category, while the cortisol showed the opposite picture, however all these differences were not significant. DMFS correlated positively with flow rate among less stress and accumulative stress categories and negatively with more stress category, while for (DS) correlated negatively with flow rate with highly significant for more stress category and accumulative category and positively related with significant for low stress category. The salivary constituents showed negative correlation with (DMFS) for all categories of stressful life events scale except for IL-6 and cortisol were positively correlated for accumulative category with non-significant difference. Conclusion: The study revealed that, stressful life events have a significant deleterious impact on the oral and dental health including caries experience as well as the effect on the normal levels of salivary constituents.
The most important topic for psychologist generally is factor of education and it's active tools because learning needs active perception for stimulus that recived by the educator and give it avalue and meaning , Need for cognition is
very important in the various daily fields of life , especially in learning and teaching and the academy work , it help with shifting the learning level for people , and icreas the intense and challenge between them
The research endeavored to achieve the following aim :
1- Measuring the level of peripheral perception for the university student .
2- Measuring the level of need for cognition for the university student .
3- Measuring the level of peripheral perception for the university student
Objective: Determination the effectiveness of educational program on female students’ practices toward premenstrual.
Methodology: A quasi-experimental design study was conducted involving (140) student purposely in four secondary schools at Al-sadder city (70) student for study group and (70) for control group. The prevalence of PMS selected through American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) (2015) criteria to select PMS students before program. The education program were set in four steps, the first step (pre-test) is to assess the practices, before the implementation of the program, the second step is implementing the program, following two steps post-test I and II betwe
... Show MoreObjective(s): The aim of this study is to assess licensed indigenous midwives’ knowledge concerning prevention and
management of postpartum hemorrhage in Baghdad City.
Methodology: A descriptive analytic study is conducted on a purposive "non-probability" sample of one hundred
licensed indigenous midwives who were selected what represents 26% of the target population, during period from
March, 5
th to May, 10th,
2008. The study is conducted at the two settings of Ministry of Health (Baghdad health
directorate in Al-Karhk and Al-Risafa) sector during their annual renewed license for midwifery practice. The
questionnaire form is consisted of three parts which included demographic data, knowledge concerning prevent
Objectives: The current study aims to evaluate parents' knowledge towards diabetes mellitus (type I); to identify the association between parents' knowledge and their demographic characteristics; and to identify the association between parents' knowledge and demographic characteristics of their children. Methodology: Descriptive study carried out during the period from January to April 2015 on purposive sample of 100 parents with their children with diabetes mellitus who attending diabetes and endocrine treatment center. An evaluation tool is constructed by the researcher based on previous literature regarding
Objective: To assess the impact of anxiety and stress during pregnancy upon neonatal outcome Methodology: A descriptive purposive study was used to assess the impact of anxiety and stress during pregnancy upon neonatal outcome. The study was conducted from (22nd \ September \ 2020 to 15th \ February \ 2021). A non-probability sample (purposive sample) was selected from 100 women. Data were collected through an interview with the mother in the counseling clinic, during the third trimester of pregnancy, as well as after childbirth in the labour wards to assess the outcome of pregnancy. Data were analyzed through descriptive statistics (frequency and percentages). Results: The most important thing observed in this study was the n
... Show MoreUrban planning include the creation of strategies as well as the management of metro regions, municipalities, and cities. In this study, the importance of applications of remote sensing and GIS in urban planning will be studied. The distribution of educational destitution cases in cities will be considered. A study area (Baghdad city) will be adopted, and the spatial analysis of the distribution will be according to population densities. In this study, the focus was on the importance of the sustainable distribution of urban educational institutions and the spatial appropriateness of this distribution according to the study areas and the available information. Distribution maps were pr
One of the scientific education aims, preparing a student able to keep up with the scientific developments and innovations around him and make him contribute, adapt, investment and continue development. The concepts of nanotechnology from scientific innovation open up an important area of thinking and intervention in the field of chemistry applications in daily life, the technological changes lead to social, political and economic changes which result that the students to have the knowledge, understanding, awareness, appreciation and sense in applications of modern technology for their use optimally, in order to cope with these scientific and technological changes. The research aims at finding out the correlation between the acquisi
... Show MoreBackground: Disc battery ingestion is a common
serious problem in Iraq. It increase in the last years
because of the increase in number of electronic toys
that uses these batteries. These batteries contains
many types of irritant chemicals that increases the
risk of it's ingestion.
Methods:We reviewed the medical records of
children aged between 1year and 7 years
old admitted to Surgical Specialty Hospital/Baghdad
Medical City due to disc battery ingestion from
January 2007 through December 2010). The diagnosis
of disc battery ingestion was based upon history,
clinical symptoms, and results of imaging studies.
The clinical data reviewed included sex, age, clinical
manifestation and duration of sy